regulation of respiration

Question 1

what two parts of the brain stem are the location of the brains respiration centre

Answer 1

pons and medulla oblongata.

Question 2

what areas in the pons are part of the respiratory centre.

Answer 2

pneumotaxic area and apneustic area.

Question 3

what areas in the medulla oblongata are part of the respiratory centre.

Answer 3

medullary rhythmicity area.

Question 4

what does the medullary rhythmicity area control?

Answer 4

basic rhythm

Question 5

what happens at the pneumotaxic area in pons?

Answer 5

impulses inhibit inspiratory area to limit duration of inspiration.

Question 6

what happens at the apneustic area in pons?

Answer 6

impulses stimulate inspiratory area to prolong inspiration

Question 7

in the medulla oblongata, what happens…

Answer 7

inspiratory area transmits autorhythmic neurons.

Question 8

what happens with the medulla oblongata at expiratory area?

Answer 8

It is normally inactive.

Question 9

How can rhythm be modified?

Answer 9

by input from other brain regions and receptors in the peripheral NS.

Question 10

describe cystic fibrosis

Answer 10

inherited disease of secretory epithelium. affects airways, liver, pancreas, small intestine and sweat glands. injured cells replaced with connective tissue. creating further blockages

Question 11

what brings on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 11

when respiratory centres establishing connections with other parts of the brain.

Question 11

why do smoker have lowered respiratory efficiency?

Answer 11

Nicotine constricts terminal bronchioles
reduced airflow
CO in smoke binds to Hb
less O2 carried
Irritants in smoke increase mucus secretion & swelling of mucosal lining
impede airflow
Irritants destroy cilia
excess mucus & debris not removed
Destruction of elastic fibres causes emphysema
collapse of small bronchioles & trapping air in alveoli, so gas exchange less efficient