8 - Emerging Infectious Diseases 2 Flashcards
Echinococcus multilocularis clinical symptoms, transmission
Incubation period up to 15 yrs
Liver lesions
Fatal without therapy
Transmission through food contaminated by canid feces, contact with wild canid feces contaminating domestic animals, infected domestic animals (dogs)
E. multilocularis previously found where? Prevalence in NA?
China
Very rare in NA previously (2 cases in 86 years)
E. multilocularis first identified by…
vets
Prevalence of E multilocularis in Alberta? Edmonton?
33% coyote samples in Alberta
65% coyote samples infected in Edmonton
What type of Coyotes carry EM more frequently
Urban coyotes (56%)
More common in younger, unhealthy coyotes (food consumption in young coyotes)
Strains of EM in NA
- 3 strains resembling European strain (likely due to dog importation)
- novel ECA strain (unique to Canada)
The ECA strain (European Canadian) is more..
virulent than NA historical strains
Majority of human cases of EM are in what demographics
Rural = 64%
Urban = 26%
Dog owner = 90%
What is likely going in with EM strain?
European strain likely introduced by foxes -> single nucleotide polymorphism -> new ECA strain
ECA more virulent and outcompeting endemic north american strain
How is EM a one health issue
- emerging
- pets
- urbanization of wild animals (ecological change)
- international movement
Two classes of filovirus
Marburg and Ebola
Ebola transmission, reservoir
Person-person transmission (health care workers, body burial)
Bat reservoir
Most Ebola outbreaks are where
Central, west Africa
Describe the ebola outbreak in guinea
2013: Two year old boy became ill and died
A week later his mother, sister and grandmother died
Grandmother had large funeral with visitors from neighouring villages
Describe the Ebola epidemic in Congo
2018
2nd largest in history
In a war zone = challenges to response (distrust of affected pop)
2287 deaths
First time people were vaccinated (~300,000)
