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AFNS 416 > 12 - Non-Zoonotic Diseases 2 > Flashcards

12 - Non-Zoonotic Diseases 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name zoonotic, non-zoonotic diseases

A

Z: plague, rabies, H1N1 influenza

NZ: foot and mouth disease, porcine epidemic diarrhea, swine delta coronavirus, seneca valley virus, african swine fever

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2
Q

Describe the african swine fever agent, infection

A

Viral disease
Impacts pigs/wild boar
Highly contagious (100% fatality)
Virus can persist for several months in carcasses, environment

Canada is ASF free

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3
Q

ASF clinical signs

A

High fever, weakness, reluctance to stand, vomiting, diarrhea, red or blue skin, coughing, miscarriages, stillbirths

100% fatality

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4
Q

Slides 11-13

A

ASF spread through the years

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5
Q

How is ASF a one health issue

A
  • wild boar are a reservoir (EU, Asia)
  • border controls
  • pig sector crucial for rural livelihoods in Africa
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6
Q

ASF economic impacts in Canada

A

Canada is third largest pork exporting country in value and volume (14% of world pork trade)

$4.8 billion CAD of pork exported

88,000 direct and indirect jobs

ASF = border closes to export

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7
Q

How do we reduce the risk of ASF

A
  • on-farm biosecurity
  • careful sourcing of animals, products and by-products
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8
Q

PEDv global history

A

Endemic in EU since 1970s-80s
Spread to Asia/China in 1982

Virulence increases as spread

2013 multiple states in US infected before diagnosis
2014 introduced into Canada

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9
Q

PED impacts on pigs

A

Severe diarrhea in suckling pigs
100% mortality for 3-5 weeks

Diarrhea and vomiting in nursery pigs/sows - older pigs recover

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10
Q

Treatment for PED? Outbreak management?

A

No effective treatment

Expose all sows quickly (infected sows develop immunity and pass it to piglets in milk)

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11
Q

Why is biosecurity hard with PED

A

Once one part of the swine herd is infected, the bacteria is pervasive, shed in high quantities, resistant in environment, so expose rest

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12
Q

One way to save piglets from PED

A

Wean them at 10 days of age to get them out of contaminated nursery, but difficult to wean piglets that early (usually 3 wks)

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13
Q

Slides 25-32

A

Manitoba, AB, USA PED

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14
Q

Transmission of SECv

A

Survives in pig feed, swine trailers for up to 7 days
In liquid manure up to 21 days
Survives freezing

Assembly yards

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15
Q

How to deal with infected farms or trucks for PEDv/SDCV

A

Work with slaughter plant and assembly yards to schedule pigs, limit traffic to site, increase biosecurity

Feed trucks may be rescheduled and required to be washed

After entire herd is exposed and immunity develops, extensive cleaning to remove virus from barn

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16
Q

Best protection against SECV

A

Biosecurity
Washing, drying, disinfectnig trucks and trailers after hauling pigs
Changing boots and coveralls before entering the barn and restricting visitor access

17
Q

Reportability of PEDv

A

Reportable in AB and other provinces, not reportable in Canada

CFIA will not quarantine farms or stop pig movements or respond to cases

18
Q

PEDv and Feed

A

Detected in feed by PCR
Contaminated porcine plasma fed to pigs = disease

Can be introduced into a herd through feed

19
Q

Main route of spread of PEDv

A

Manure contaminated trucks

20
Q

Timeline for foot and mouth disease outbreak in UK

A
  • 19 feb 2001: abattor vet reports disease in pigs, FMD confirmed
  • 22 feb: FMD found at swill feeder in Northumberland
  • 23 feb: FMD confirmed in cattle 5km away
  • 25 feb: 5/11 sheep at slaughter had healing foot lesions. All 11 were FMD positive. 16 sold at market 12 days earlier
  • 9 of the 16 sheep purchased by dealer and mixed with 175 other sheep
  • 175 other sheep went to longtown market

Slides 47-51

21
Q

How does seneca valley virus affect sows and gilts? Neonatal pigs? Growing pigs?

A

Sows and gilts: vesicles on snout/in mouth, lesions on feet and CB, ulcers on hoof, breeding females unwell (anorexia, fever)

Neonatal pigs: increased mortality, diarrhea

Growing pigs: lameness, vesicles

22
Q

SVV affects what species? Transmission?

A

Pigs, cows, mice

Transmission unknown

23
Q

SVV found historically where?? increasing outbreaks where? rapidly spreading where?

A

USA, Canada, AUS, italy

Increasing outbreaks in USA

Rapidly spreading in Brazil

24
Q

Reporting of vesicular diseases in swine

A

Presence of vesicles on any pig is reportable to the CFIA

Treat vesicles as a foreign animal reportable disease until proven otherwise

SVV is not reportable, but the vesicles it causes is (could be FMD which is reportable)

25
Q

How does disease affect farmers

A

Financially: lose animals, feeding animals under quarantine, lose sale price of animal, vet care

Welfare: crowding, stop feeding if run out of money

Psychological: stress impacts on farmer having to depopulate, lose livelihood

26
Q

Impact of quarantine on a pig operation

A
  • time to critical overcrowding in nursery barns is six days
  • pigs grow fast, if they can’t move through system they run out of space
  • welfare slaughter = largest direct cost of disease eradication in EU FMD outbreaks
  • Canadian code of practice (space allowance per pig)
  • Animal protection act (provide food/water in quarantine?)
27
Q

What kind of cull policy was in place in EU FMD outbreaks?

A

Contiguous cull policy

Cull the affected farms, designate a ring around the farm to cull and stop spread

28
Q

Local impacts of disease outbreaks on the community

A
  • altered day to day routines
  • psychological (depopulation, disposal)
  • tourism disruption
29
Q

Types of economic impacts that disease outbreaks have

A
  • Local (individual, community)
  • Regional (border closures)
  • National (trade barriers, regulation)
  • International
  • Direct: destruction, disposal, lost production
  • Indirect: psycho-social, medical, tourism
30
Q

Largest cost of the UK 2001 FMD outbreak? Same as…

A

Indirect cost of lost tourism

Same as avian influenza in BC, SARS in Toronto

31
Q

Global cost of covid 19

A

Disparity in estimates, but numbers are huge

12.5-28 trillion

32
Q

Psycho-social impacts of FMD

A

Mass culling policy affected everyone involved: stress, depression, isolation, loss of social life, worries about future

Subsequent farmer health assessment worse

Few farmers would welcome support from health or social workers, more likely to turn to community than vet

> 1/5 farmers had PTSD symptoms

AFNS 416 (22 decks)

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