15 - One Welfare

Question 1

Five domains of welfare

Answer 1

1. nutrition
2. physical environment
3. health
4. behavioural interaction
5. mental/affective state

Question 2

Welfare is determined by…

Answer 2

• combination of physical and mental state
• ability of individual to have control over and cope with stressors
• opportunities for positive experiences, not just avoiding unpleasant ones

Question 3

What is one welfare

Answer 3

Intersection of human and animal wellbeing and the environment

Question 4

One welfare affects…

Answer 4

food security, climate change and loss of biodiversity

Question 5

Studies on affect of animals on peoples health and wellbeing show…

Answer 5

• decreased BP
• increased socialization and community
• increased physical exercise
• healthy weight maintenance
• sense of companionship
• decreased anxiety and depression

Question 6

How can animal welfare issues negatively affect our welfare too?

Answer 6

• social determinants (finances, community, housing)
• animal health, welfare, behaviour are often stressful to human stakeholders
• lack of infrastructure support
• human mental health issues and lack of identification and support them

Question 7

How is violence toward animals related to violence towards humans

Answer 7

• violence towards animals is an accurate predictor of human-directed violence
• threats to animal welfare used as leverage in abusive situations

Question 8

One welfare approach to the violence link

Answer 8

• provide resources and safe havens for victims of violence with pets
• recognize animal cruelty as an indicator of potential human abuse and vice versa
• increase collaboration between educators, veterinarians, human health and welfare professionals, law enforcement

Question 9

Slide 12

Answer 9

Diagram

Question 10

What are strong predicators of animal welfare in both companion animal and livestock settings

Answer 10

Mental health issues and/or social determinants

Question 11

Dog owner mental health is associated with…

Answer 11

dog behavioural problems, dog care and dog-facilitated social interaction

Question 12

Describe the COVID 19 one welfare case study

Answer 12

“Pandemic puppies”
Impulse animal adoptions lead to regret = animal welfare issues
Increased use in aversive training tools and methods (poor education, mental health issues)

Question 13

How did low income status compound the effects of COVID 19

Answer 13

Had further restriction to veterinary services

Question 14

COVID 19 impacts on livestock supply chain (6)

Answer 14

• shortage of labour and services (decreased vet care, welfare audits)
• shortage of animals, feed, drugs, vaccines, machinery, etc
• low purchasing power in consumers
• global and domestic market lockdown
• travel bans, bottlenecks, border control, restricted imports/export
• closure of slaughterhouses, processing plants

Slide 18, 19

Question 15

When was avian influenza identified by the CFIA? How many birds have died?

Answer 15

2021

7 million birds in commercial and small scale flocks culled or died

Question 16

Affect of avian influenza on producers

Answer 16

• seem to have experienced PTSD like phenomenon (esp related to bird mortality)
• some hesitancy to contact vets for bird mortality (avoidance = stress response)

BUT increased supports and social community in time of crisis

Question 17

How is the environment affecting bird populations? Leads to…

Answer 17

Decreasing bird populations in urban areas due to city lights, traffic noise, lack of habitat

Leading to increased insect populations, increased potential for vector-borne disease, negative effect on ecosystem

Question 18

Application of one welfare framework in the thoroughbred racing industry

Answer 18

Racehorse welfare: nutrition, environment, behaviour, breeding, racing, aftercare

Human welfare: jockeys, stud personnel, veterinarians, health and safety, work env

Environmental impacts: water management, energy, transport, waste management

Question 19

Concerning findings about Canadian veterinarian wellbeing

Answer 19

• vet mental wellbeing negatively associated with client satisfaction
• ~24% of those surveyed had contemplated suicide in previous year
• > 30% reported mental health issues

Question 20

In a survey of more than 1100 farmers… What are farmers main stressors?

Answer 20

35% met criteria for depression
40% uneasy seeking professional help

Most stressors are out of the farmers control (weather, regulation, debt, long hours)

Question 21

What is the Sentinel Program in Quebec

Answer 21

Producer-veterinarian relationship allows for surveillance of potential mental health issues in livestock producers

Question 22

One welfare is a call to…

Answer 22

Improve animal welfare in order to improve human welfare and vice versa

Question 23

Name two integrated one welfare initiatives

Answer 23

• Community outreach to provide vet services for indigenous, marginalized, and remote communities
• Alberta SPCA one family welfare: facilitates a pet sakeeping program, crisis care

Question 24

True one welfare integration needs…

Answer 24

to be based on all 3 components: environment, human wellbeing, animal wellbeing

Question 25

One welfare should be considered…

Answer 25

An integral part of one health rather than a supplementary concept