Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Define metabolism.

Answer 1

The chemical processes that occur in cells that keep the organism alive.

Question 2

What are the types of metabolism?

Answer 2

• Catabolic
• Anabolic

Question 3

Define catabolic metabolism.

Answer 3

Reactions that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds.

(Catabolism)

(Catabolism is passive, meaning it doesn’t use energy.)

Question 4

Define anabolic metabolism.

Answer 4

Reactions that consume energy to build larger, complicated molecules from simpler ones.

(Anabolism)

(Anabolism is active, meaning it uses energy.)

Question 5

Define catabolic pathways.

Answer 5

Pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds.

(Catabolism is passive, meaning it doesn’t use energy.)

Question 6

Define anabolic pathways.

Answer 6

Pathways that consume energy to build larger, complicated molecules from simpler ones:

(Anabolism is active, meaning it uses energy.)

Question 7

Give an example of a catabolic pathway.

Answer 7

Cellular Respiration.

Question 8

Give an example of an anabolic pathway.

Answer 8

Photosynthesis.

Question 9

How much energy from cellular respiration is turned into heat?

Answer 9

~60%

Question 10

Why is the energy from cellular respiration turned into heat?

Answer 10

To maintain homeostasis.

Question 11

What is the formula for cellular respiration?

Answer 11

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38ATP

Question 12

List 3 molucules that cellular respiration can release energy from.

Answer 12

• Glucose (mainly)
• Amino Acids
• Glycerol

Question 13

Define phosphorylation.

Answer 13

When ATP gives a phosphate group to another molecule.

Question 14

How is ATP formed?

Answer 14

ATP is formed when an inorganic phosphate group is joined to a molecule of ADP.

Question 15

Which phosphate group in ATP’s bond can easily be broken, and what does it do if broken?

Answer 15

The third, and it releases energy.

Question 16

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 16

Adenosine triphosphate.

Question 17

What does NADH do in cellular respiration?

Answer 17

It’s used to carry electrons generated in Glycolysis and Kreb’s Cycle to the Electron Transport Chain.

Question 18

Define Aerobic.

Answer 18

‘With oxygen’.

Question 19

Define Anaerobic.

Answer 19

‘Without oxygen’.

Question 20

What is the major energy currency in the cell?

Answer 20

ATP

(Adenosine Triphosphate)

Question 21

In order:

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 21

• Glycolysis
• Kreb’s Cycle
• Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 22

What is the meaning of glycolysis?

Answer 22

Glucose splitting.

Question 23

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 23

The cytosol.

(or cytoplasm, more broadly.)

Question 24

Is glycolysis catabolic or anabolic? Why?

Answer 24

Catabolic.
It uses energy to break down glucose into pyruvates.

Question 25

What happens in glycolysis?

Answer 25

Each glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvates.

Question 26

What is a pyruvate?

Answer 26

Chemicals produced as a result of glycolysis.

Question 27

How much energy does glycolysis require?

Answer 27

2ATP

Question 28

How much energy does glycolysis produce?

Answer 28

4ATP (but 2 is used to start the process) + 2NADH

Question 29

Is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?

Answer 29

Anaerobic.

Question 30

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 30

The complete breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water – requiring oxygen

Question 31

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 31

TODO

Question 32

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 32

The mitochondria.

(Kreb’s Cycle & ETC)

Question 33

Where does anaerobic respiration occur?

Answer 33

The cytoplasm / cytosol.

(Glycolysis)

Question 34

What’s another name for the Krebs cycle?

Answer 34

The citric acid cycle.

Question 35

Where does Kreb’s cycle occur?

Answer 35

Within the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 36

What does Kreb’s cycle do to pyruvates?

Answer 36

It oxidises them into carbon dioxide, forming ATP and NADH

Question 37

In Kreb’s cycle, each pyruvate releases…

Answer 37

1ATP + 3NADH.

Question 38

How much energy is released from Kreb’s cycle in total?

Answer 38

2ATP + 6NADH

(1ATP + 3NADH per pyruvate)

Question 39

Is Kreb’s cycle anaerobic or aerobic?

Answer 39

Aerobic.

Question 40

What happens in the Electron Transport Chain?

(aka ETC)

Answer 40

Electrons are passed between molecules, resulting in oxygen molecules forming water.

Question 41

What does the Electron Transport Chain require?

Answer 41

8NADH.

(Formed by Glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle.)

Question 42

How much energy is output by the electron transport chain?

Answer 42

34ATP.

(No NADH, it’s only used for respiration to continue.)

Question 43

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

Answer 43

The inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 44

If there’s no oxygen present for respiration, what happens?

Answer 44

Anaerobic respiration occurs.

Question 45

What happens in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 45

The pyruvate produced in glycolysis is converted to lactic acid by fermentation.

Question 46

How much ATP is produced in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 46

2ATP

(per glucose)

Question 47

How much ATP is produced in aerobic respiration?

Answer 47

38ATP.

(per glucose)

Question 48

When is anaerobic respiration important?

Answer 48

During vigorous physical activity, when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to meet demands.

Question 49

What happens to lactic acid after it’s fermented?

Answer 49

• It makes its way to the liver
• Oxygen is added when it gets there
• It turns back into pyruvic acid and then back into glucose

(This process is active.)