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human biology | year 11 atar | semester one > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What is the main function of the skeleton?

A

To provide a rigid supporting framework of bones inside the body.

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2
Q

The skeleton can lubrictate its own joints and repair its broken parts. True or False?

A

True.

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3
Q

What are the five different types of bones?

A
  • Long
  • Short
  • Flat
  • Irregular
  • Sesamoid
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4
Q

What is the diaphysis?

A

The main shaft of a long bone.

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5
Q

What is an epiphysis?

A

The end part of a long bone

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6
Q

What are the types of epiphyses, and their locations?

A
  • Proximal - The top of the long bone, near the spongy bone.
  • Distal - The bottom of the long bone.
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7
Q

What is an osteocyte?

A

One of the bone cell types.

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8
Q

What is compact bone?

A

The denser and stronger of the two types of bone tissue.

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9
Q

What is another name for compact bone?

A

Cortical bone.

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

What is compact bone made of?

A

Osteocytes enclosed in a matrix consisting of inorganic (70%) and organic material (30%).

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12
Q

What are osteons?

A

Regular, concentric rings of bone tissue.

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13
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

A mixture of compact bone with pockets of bone marrow.

(it looks spongy 🤯🤯🤯)

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14
Q

What is a trabecula?

(plural: trabeculae)

A

An irregular structure of thin plates in spongy bone.

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15
Q

What makes up most of the interior in short and irregular bones?

A

Spongy bone.

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16
Q

Why do humans’ bones become more brittle over time?

A

Because the inorganic material in the bones become more dominant over time.

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17
Q

What do the spaces in spongy bone contain?

A

Red bone marrow.

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18
Q

What is bone marrow?

A
  • A soft, fatty material.
  • Located in the medullary cavity (part of bone structure).
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19
Q

What is produced in red bone marrow?

A

Red blood cells.

20
Q

What type of tissue is bone classified as?

A

Connective.

21
Q

What are the types of cells found in a bone?

A
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteocytes
  • Osteoclasts
22
Q

What are lamella?

A

Circular layers of bone.

23
Q

What is a Haversian system?

A

Lamella surrounding a central haversian canal, which carries blood and lymph vessels.

24
Q

How do bones grow?

A

Due to growth plates made of cartilage between the diaphysis and the epiphysis.

25
Q

What is ossification?

A

The formation of cartilage, which is then turned into bone.

(summary: bone formation)

26
Q

What are collagen?

A

Protein fibres.

27
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Flexible material consisting of collagen in an extracellular matrix.

28
Q

List the cartilage types.

A
  • Fibrocartilage
  • Elastic Cartilage
  • Hyaline Cartilage
29
Q

What is a chondrocyte?

A

The cells that make up cartilage.

30
Q

What produces cartilage?

A

Chondroblasts.

31
Q

What do chondroblasts mature to become?

A

Chondrocytes

32
Q

Cartilage is lacking in blood vessels and nerves. True or false?

A

True.

33
Q

Why is cartilage slower to heal than bone?

A

Because it lacks blood vessels.

(Avascular)

34
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

The strongest type of cartilage.

35
Q

What is the color of fibrocartilage?

A

Glistening white, but opaque.

36
Q

What is fibrocartilage made of?

A

Dense bundles of collagen fibres.

37
Q

Where can you find fibrocartilage?

A

The knees.

38
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

The second most flexible cartilage.

39
Q

What is elastic cartilage made of?

A

Elastic and collagen fibres.

40
Q

Where can you find elastic cartilage?

A

The epiglottis.

41
Q

What is the color of elastic cartilage?

A

Yellow-ish.

42
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

A strong and flexible cartilage type.

43
Q

What is hyaline cartilage made of?

A

Closely packed collagen fibres, giving it strength and flexibility.

44
Q

Where can you find hyaline cartilage?

A

The rings of the trachea.

45
Q

What is the color of hyaline cartilage?

A

Blueish white.

46
Q

What is the only type of cartilage without a perichondrium?

A

Fibrocartilage.

human biology | year 11 atar | semester one (20 decks)

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