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Kin - 464 > Reading Week 2 - Chapter 1 - Evolution of Health Promotion in Canada > Flashcards

Reading Week 2 - Chapter 1 - Evolution of Health Promotion in Canada Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four distinct eras of health promotion in Canada?

A
  • The Health Education Era (pre-1974)
  • The Health Promotion Development and Golden Era (1974-1994)
  • The Population Health Era (1994-2007)
  • The Population Health Promotion Era (2007)
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2
Q

What did health promotion practices primarily revolve around before 1974?

A
  • Disseminating sanitary information
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3
Q

What activities for health promotion practices were used before 1974?

A

Production of:
- Pamphlets
- Posters
- Books
- Newspaper Columns
- Film Strips
- Radio Messages

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4
Q

What was the goal of health promotion between 1600 and mid 19th century?

A
  • Activities aimed at promoting health of the population
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5
Q

What happened in the 1880s regarding federal and provincial governments and health promotion?

A
  • concern for disseminating sanitary information
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6
Q

What happened to health promotion post world war II era?

A
  • Missionary zeal dominated health promotion activities
  • limited scientifically grounded interventions
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7
Q

What did health promotion before 1974 primarily focus on?

A

Information Related to:
- Sanitary practices
- Basic Health Behaviours

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8
Q

What did health education efforts focus on pre 1974?

A
  • Targeted individual behavior change
  • facilitated through one-to-one or small group interactions
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9
Q

What was the international influence on Canada’s health promotion pre 1974?

A
  • Emergence of more systematic and scientific approach to health education
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10
Q

What were key figures in Canadian health promotion pre 1974?

A
  • 1951, International union for health education
  • Social Scientists and communication specialists
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11
Q

What did the international union for health education that was established in 1951, promote?

A
  • Exchange of experiences and information in health education
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12
Q

What did social scientists and communication specialists develop regarding health promotion in Canada pre-1974?

A
  • Models for understanding health-related behaviours
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13
Q

What caused a shift towards targeting behavioural risk factors?

A
  • Transition from infectious diseases to ‘diseases of civilization’
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14
Q

What individual factors that contribute to chronic diseases grew in recognition in health promotion pre-1974?

A
  • smoking
  • sedentary lifestyles
  • poor diet
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15
Q

When did Canadian health promotion begin introducing theoretical models? Whats an example?

A

When
- In the pre-1974 era
Example
- Health Belief Model (1974)

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16
Q

What was the impact of health promotion pre-1974?

A
  • Gradual infiltration of scientific approaches into day-to-day health education practices
  • Strong belief in the intrinsic value of educating the public to improve health outcomes
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17
Q

When was the Golden Era of Health Promotion?

A

1974-1994

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18
Q

What was the Golden Era of Health Promotion signaled as?

A
  • A significant shift from traditional health education to comprehensive health promotion strategies
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19
Q

What was the Golden Era of Health Promotion marked by?

A
  • Global recognition of the importance of investing in factors beyond healthcare to improve population health
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20
Q

What lead to the re-evaluation of healthcare systems worldwide in the mid 1970s?

A
  • Economic shifts
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21
Q

what did the Lalonde Report advocate for?

A
  • Investing resources beyond healthcare services to improve population health
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22
Q

When did the Lalonde Report come out?

A
  • 1974
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23
Q

What did the concept of the ‘health field’ introduce?

A

Four Determinants of Health
- Human Biology
- Health Services
- Personal Lifestyles
- Environment

24
Q

When was the Health Promotion Directorate (HPD) established? what did if focus on?

A

When
- 1978 in Canada
Focus
- Lifestyle changes

25
Q

What did the first International Conference on Health Promotion in Ottawa (1986) highlight?

A
  • Importance of environmental factors in health
26
Q

What was recognized about individual behavioural change in the Golden Age of Health Promotion?

A
  • Insufficient to address public health challenges
27
Q

What was adopted during the Golden Age of Health Promotion?

A

Broader approach encompassing:
- Policy Changes
- Healthy public environments
- Community Action

28
Q

What factors were acknowledged in the influence of health outcomes in the golden age of health promotion?

A

Role of:
- Environment
- Social
- Economic
- Political

29
Q

What was the critique of solely focusing on individual behaviour change in the golden age of health promotion?

A
  • it could lead to victim-blaming
30
Q

What does the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Emphasize?

A
  • Improtance of creating supportive environements for health
31
Q

What did the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion highlight?

A
  • The need for multisectoral collaboration and community participation in health promotion efforts
32
Q

Where was the second international health conference take place? When?

A
  • Adelaide (1988)
33
Q

Where did the third international health promotion conference take place? when?

A
  • Sundsvall (1991)
34
Q

What did the second and third international health conference focus on?

A
  • implementing strategies proposed in the Ottawa Charter
35
Q

What were two Canadian federal initiatives for health promotion during the golden age of health promotion?

A
  • Strengthening Community Health Project
  • Healthy Communities Initiative
36
Q

What was the health promotion emphasis during the golden age of health promotion in Canada?

A
  • Integrating health promotion with population health approaches
  • Recognizing the interconnectedness of individual and societal factors
37
Q

What was the overal impact of the golden age of health promotion?

A
  • Significant expansion of health promotion efforts
  • Shift towards comprehensive strategies addressing social, economic, and environmental determinants of health
38
Q

When was the population health era?

A

1994-2007

39
Q

What was the shift in focus during the population health era?

A
  • Transition to renewed emphasis on population health approaches
40
Q

What influenced healthcare policies and priorities during the population health era?

A
  • Global economic shifts
  • Changing political climates
41
Q

What international developments impacted health during the population health era?

A
  • Trends towards neoliberalism reduced government intervention in social welfare
  • Decreased influence of WHO in favour of economic institution like the World Bank
42
Q

What catalyzed the adoption of population health perspectives in Canada?

A
  • Publication of “why some people are healthy and others are not” (Evans et al., 1994)
43
Q

What did the Canadian Federal government abandon in favor of population health approaches?

A
  • leadership in health promotion
44
Q

What replaced the health promotion directorate? when?

A
  • Population Health Directorate (1995)
45
Q

When did the Federal Cabinet adopt the population health approach to guide health policy?

A

1997

46
Q

What did the population health approach recognize?

A
  • Broader determinants of health, beyond individual behaviours
    Including:
  • socioeconomic factors
  • Environment
  • Access to Resources
47
Q

What did the population health approach emphasize?

A
  • Addressing health inequities and social determinants of health through policy and structural interventions
48
Q

What are the critiques and concerns of the population health era?

A
  • Sidelining of traditional health promotion efforts
  • Influence of economic interests over public health priorities
49
Q

What were the overall impacts of the population health era?

A
  • Reorientation of healthcare policies towards social determinants of health
  • Structural interventions
  • Addressing systemic barriers to health
50
Q

When is the Population Health Promotion Era?

A
  • Since 2007
51
Q

Explain the continuation of trends in the population health promotion era?

A
  • Health promotion strategies influenced by population health models
52
Q

Explain the global context of the population health promotion era

A
  • continued influence of neoliberalism and globalization on healthcare systems
  • Economic institutions dominance over health policies
53
Q

How did health promotion initiatives adpat to changing models of health?

A
  • Aligned with population health approaches
  • Continued collaboration between sectors
54
Q

What are some critiques and concerns of the population health promotion era?

A
  • dominance of economic interests in shaping health policies
  • neglect of traditional health promotion efforts
55
Q

What are some opportunities for progress during the population health promotion era?

A
  • Potential for addressing social determinants of health within population health frameworks
  • Advocacy for health equity and social justice within healthcare policies and practices
56
Q

What is the overall impact of the population health promotion era since 2007?

A
  • persistence of population health approaches in shaping healthcare policies and practices
  • Health promotion initiatives adapted to align with population health frameworks
  • Emphasizing structural interventions and addressing social determinants of health
57
Q
A

Kin - 464 (24 decks)

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