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Kin - 464 > Week 5 - Health Promotion Theories and Models > Flashcards

Week 5 - Health Promotion Theories and Models Flashcards

1
Q

Why do sociologists uses theories?

A
  • To explain actions and behaviours of society as a whole (social theory)
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2
Q

Why do psychologists use theories?

A
  • To explain and predict behaviours (behaviour theories)
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3
Q

Why to health promotion practitioners use theories?

A
  • to understand, predict, and change behaviour (approaches to health promotion)
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4
Q

What is Glanz, et al., 2008 definition of a theory?

A
  • set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that presents a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables in order to explain and predict the events of the situation
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5
Q

What is McKenzie et al., 2013 definition of a theory?

A
  • Systematic arrangement fundamental principles that provide a basis for explaining certain happenings of life.
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6
Q

What is Green, 1994, explanation for the role of theory?

A
  • Is to untangle and simplify for human comprehension the complexities of nature
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7
Q

What is Cottrell, 2015 explanation of the theory of health promotion?

A
  • A general explanation of why people act, or do not act, to maintain and/or to promote the health of themselves, their families, organizations, and communities
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8
Q

What are theories made of?

A
  • Concepts
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9
Q

What happens to a concept when it is developed in a theory?

A
  • Becomes construct
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10
Q

What is the primary element of theories?

A
  • Concepts
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11
Q

What is the operational form of a construct?

A
  • A Variable
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12
Q

What is a model?

A
  • They draw on a number of theories to help people understand a specific problem in a particular setting or context
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13
Q

When are people more likely to exercise?

A

Personal Belief
- if they feel confident in their ability to exercise

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14
Q

What is the concept of personal belief captured in?

A

the Self-efficacy construct
- In social cognition theory

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15
Q

How can the construct of ‘self-efficacy’ be measured?

A
  • Asking people to rate thier confidence to complete certain exercise tasks
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16
Q

When would a health promotion specialist use a model?

A
  • To plan and carry out the intervention
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17
Q

Why use a theory in health promotion?

A
  • organize different forms of knowledge
  • Create meaning from informatio
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18
Q

Describe theory-based health promotion?

A
  • Indicate reasons of unhealthy behaviours
  • Identify important information
  • Conceptual framework for selecting constructs
  • Insight into best intervention delivery
  • Identifies measurements needed to understand impact
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19
Q

What 3 types of theories or models will we look at?

A
  • Theories of behaviour change
  • Ecological theories and models
  • Theories and models of planned intervention and evaluation
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20
Q

When was the Health Belief Model developed? Who did it?

A

Irwin Rosenstock (1996)

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21
Q

What inspired the health belief model?

A
  • Study of reasons people seek or decline x-ray exams for tuberculosis
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22
Q

Who expanded on the health belief model?

A
  • Becker et al.
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23
Q

How did Becker et al. expand on the health belief model?

A
  • To include compliance with medical directives, illness behaviours, preventative health and health screening
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24
Q

What constructs did the health belief model (1966) originally included?

A
  • Perceived susceptibility
  • Perceived Severity
  • Perceived Barriers
  • Perceived Cost
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25
Q

Describe the perceived susceptibility

A
  • Perceived risk of getting conditions
26
Q

Describe perceived severity

A
  • perceived seriousness of consequences
27
Q

Describe perceived barriers

A
  • perceived side effects, time, or feasibililty
28
Q

describe perceived cost

A
  • perception of what is required of individuals
29
Q

What constructs were later added to the health belief model?

A
  • Self-efficacy
  • Cues to action
30
Q

What are all the constructs currently included in the health belief model?

A
  • perceived susceptibility
  • Perceived severity
  • perceived barriers
  • perceived cost
  • self-efficacy
  • cues to action
31
Q

What are the critiques of health belief model?

A
  • Not all behaviour is based on rational or conscious choice
  • Focus on negative factors and ignore positive motivations that prompt healthy behaviour
32
Q

Who developed the theory of reasoned action?

A

Fishbein and Ajzen (1975)

33
Q

What is the underlying assumption of the theory of reasoned action (1975)?

A
  • people consider the consequences of their behaviours before engaging in behaviours
34
Q

What are the constructs included in the theory of reasoned action (1975)?

A
  • Behavioural Intention
  • Attitude
  • Subjetive Norms
34
Q

Who developed the theory of planned behaviour (1985)?

A
  • Ajzen, building on the theory of reasoned action
34
Q

What are the critiques of the Theory of Reasoned Action (1975)?

A
  • Not all behaviours are under individual control (addiction, habits, craving)
35
Q

What does the theory of planned behaviour add to the theory of reasoned action?

A
  • Perceived behavioural control predictor
36
Q

Where does perceived behavioural control come from?

A
  • Bandura’s concept of ‘self-efficacy’
37
Q

What does perceived behavioural control account for?

A
  • Times when people dont have conscious control or when they intend to do something but do not because of lack of confidence or control
38
Q

What does the theory of planned behaviour specify about the likelihood of behaviour change?

A
  • It is dependent on amount of control and strength of intent
39
Q

According to the Theory of Planned Behaviour what three beliefs are critical to behaviour change?

A
  • Behavioural Beliefs: Attitudes
  • Normative Beliefs: Subjective Norms
  • Control Beliefs: Perceived Behavioural Control
40
Q

What are the critiques of the theory of planned behaviour?

A
  • Focused on cognitive elements
  • Ignores role of emotions and affective states
41
Q

What is a sample of measuring intention to exercise?

A

Q - I intend to exercise for at least 20min, three times per week for the next three months
A- Likely to unlikely (1-7)

42
Q

What is a sample of measuring subjective norms?

A

Q - most people who are important to me approve of my exercising for a least 20 minutes, three times per week for the next three months.
A - Agree to disagree (1-7)

43
Q

What is a sample of measuring perceived behavioural control?

A

Q - I have access to exercise for at least 20 minutes, three times per week for the next three months.
A - Agree to Disagree (1-7)

44
Q

When was the social cognitive theory developed? By who?

A

1989 - by Bandura

45
Q

How does the social cognitive theory (1989) explain behaviour?

A

Behaviour is Learned by:
- Observation
- Limitation
- Positive Reinforcement

46
Q

What is another way the social cognitive theory explains how people also learn?

A
  • By perceiving the benefits others reap from their actions
47
Q

What 6 constructs are present in the social cognitive theory?

A
  • Observational Learning
  • Goals
  • Outcome Expectations / Expectancies
  • Self-Regulation
  • Behavioural Capacity
  • Self-Efficacy
48
Q

What opportunities does the social cognitive theory provide to intervene at different points?

A
  • Behaviours
  • Personal Factors (e.g., self-beliefs)
  • Environment
49
Q

What are the critiques of social cognitive theory?

A
  • Over-reliance on individuals as agents of change
  • Can demonstrate effects, but not always long-lasting
50
Q

Who developed the self-determination theory (1985)?

A
  • Deci and Ryan
51
Q

Explain the self-determination theory

A
  • behaviour not merely response to reinforcement or punishment
  • Driven to fulfill basic needs and realize our potential (self-actualization)
52
Q

What mini-theories does the self-determination theory include?

A
  • Cognitive Evaluation Theory
  • Organismic Integration Theory
  • Basic Psychological Needs Theory
  • Causality Orientation Theory
  • Goal Content Theory
53
Q

Explain the causality orientations theory that is included in the self-determination theory

A
  • Individual differences in one’s tendency towards motivation
54
Q

Explain the goals content theory of the self-determination theory

A
  • Type of goals individuals strive to attain
55
Q

Explain the cognitive evaluation theory of the self-determination theory

A
  • Conditions in one’s environment that impact motivation
56
Q

Explain the basic psychological needs theory of the self-determination theory

A
  • Psychological needs of individual
57
Q

Explain the organismic integration theory of self-determination theory

A
  • Individual’s innate tendencies to engage in interesting activities or activities that are fulfilling
58
Q
A

Kin - 464 (24 decks)

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