Clip 6: internalizing distress

Question 1

welke syndromen horen bij dit chapter

Answer 1

• anxiety syndromes
• depressive syndromes
• trauma and stressor-related syndromes

Question 2

welke chapter is anxiety syndromes

Answer 2

chapter 5

Question 3

welke chapter is depressive syndromes

Answer 3

chapter 4

Question 4

welke chapter is trauma- and stressor-related syndromes

Answer 4

chapter 7

Question 5

welke syndromen bij anxiety syndromes

Answer 5

generalized anxiety syndrome

Question 6

welke bij depressive syndromes

Answer 6

• disruptive mood dysregulation syndrome
• major depressive syndrome
• persistent depressive syndrome (dysthymia)
• premenstrual dysphoric syndrome

Question 7

welke syndromen horen bij trauma- and stressor-related syndromes

Answer 7

• reactive attachment syndrome
• disinhibited social engagement syndrome
• posttraumatic stress syndrome
• acute stress syndrome
• adjustment syndrome

Question 8

waarom is GAD gecategoriseerd onder distress en niet onder fear (van hiTOP)

Answer 8

omdat het hier echt gaat om worrying, niet perse om een specifieke angst (zoals bij de anderen -> die horen bij internalizing fear)

Question 9

generalized anxiety syndrome A=

Answer 9

excessive anxiety and worrying (apprehensive expectiation), occuring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as work/school performance)

Question 10

generalised anxiety syndrome B=

Answer 10

the individual finds it difficult to control the worrying (out of control, they cannot control it!!)

Question 11

generalised anxiety syndrome C=

Answer 11

the anxiety and worrying are associated with 3 or more of these (with at least some symptoms having been present for more days than not for the past 6 months):

1. restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
2. being easily fatigued
3. difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
4. irritability
5. muscle tension
6. sleep disturbance

Question 12

depressive episode =

Answer 12

five or more of the following symptoms, during 2 weeks, change from previous functioning, at least one of the symptoms is 1 or 2:

1. depressed mood most of the day
2. loss of interest or pleasure
3. significant weight losswhen not dieting, or weight gain
4. insomnia or hypersomnia
5. psychomotor agitation or retardation
6. fatigue or loss of energy
7. feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
8. diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
9. recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation

Question 13

an depressive episode…

Answer 13

is never something that you diagnose!! always part of a syndrome.

dus MDE =/= MDD

Question 14

major depressive syndrome (depressieve stoornis) A=

Answer 14

at least 1 depressive episode

Question 15

dysthymie (persistent depressive syndrome) A=

Answer 15

depressieve stemming het grootste gedeelte van de dag, meer dagen wel dan niet, ofwel eigen observatie of die van anderen, voor tenminste 2 jaar

Question 16

dysthymie/persistent depressive syndrome B =

Answer 16

presence, while depressed, of 2 or more:
1. poor appetite or overeating
2. insomnia or hypersomnia
3. low energy or fatigue
4. low self-esteem
5. poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
6. feelings of hopelessness

Question 17

dysthymia/persistent depressive syndrome C=

Answer 17

during the 2 year period (1 year for children or adolescents) of the disturbance, the individual has never been without symptoms of A and B for more than 2 months at a time

Question 18

dysthymia/persistent depressive syndrome D=

Answer 18

criteria for a major depressive syndrome may be continously present for 2 years

Question 19

wat is het verschil dysthymia en mdd

Answer 19

dysthymia is niet perse een depressive episode, kan soms wat milder zijn dan een MDE, maar dysthymia is heel langdurig.

Question 20

welke 4 specifiers bij persistent depressive syndrome

Answer 20

• pure dysthemic
• persistent major
• intermittent major with current
• intermittent major without current

Question 21

pure dysthemic =

Answer 21

nooit aan de criteria voor MDD gedaan tijdens deze 2 jaar

Question 22

persistent major =

Answer 22

er is wel voldaan aan de criteria voor MDD tijdens de 2 jaar

Question 23

intermittent major with current =

Answer 23

Full criteria for a major depressive episode are currently met, but there have been periods of at least 8 weeks in at least the preceding 2 years with symptoms below the threshold for a full major depressive episode.

dus nu een MDE, maar tijdens 2 jaar ook periode van tenminste 8 weken geen MDE

Question 24

intermittent major without current=

Answer 24

Full criteria for a major depressive episode are not currently met, but there has been one or more major depressive episodes in at least the preceding 2 years.

Question 25

post-traumatic stress syndrome A=

Answer 25

exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence, via:

• Zelf ondergaan van de psychotraumatische gebeurtenis(sen).
• Persoonlijk getuige zijn geweest van de gebeurtenis(sen) terwijl deze anderen overkwam(en).
• Vernemen dat de psychotraumatische gebeurtenis(sen) een naast familielid of goede vriend(in) is (zijn) overkomen. Bij een feitelijke of dreigende dood van een familielid of virend(in), moet(en de gebeurtenis(sen) gewelddadig van karakter zijn of een ongeval betreffen.
• Ondergaan van herhaaldelijke of extreme blootstelling aan de afschuwwekkende details van de psychotraumatische gebeurtenis(sen) zoals bij hulpverleners die stoffelijke resten moeten verzamelen; politieagenten die herhaaldelijk worden geconfronteerd met de details van kindermisbruik). (via tv of media: hierbij hoort dit criterium alleen als het werkgerelateerd was).

Question 26

post-traumatic stress syndrome B=

Answer 26

presence of one (or more) of the following intrusion symptoms:

• memories
• dreams
• dissociative reactions (flashbacks) in which they feel or acts as if the traumatic event were recurring
• distress at exposure to internal/external cues
• physiological reactions to internal/external cues

Question 27

post traumatic stress syndrome C=

Answer 27

persistent avoidance of stimuli

• memories/thoughts/feelings
• external reminders

Question 28

post traumatic stress disorder D=

Answer 28

negative alterations in cognitions and mood

Question 29

post traumatic stress syndrome E=

Answer 29

marked alterations in arousal and reactivity

Question 30

post-traumatic stress syndrome F=

Answer 30

Duration of the disturbance is more than 1 month.

Question 31

acute stress syndrome A=

Answer 31

exposure to actual or treatened death, serious injury or sexual violence

Question 32

verschil ptsd en ass

Answer 32

ass is less severe and shorter duration

Question 33

acute stress syndrome B=

Answer 33

9 or more symptoms from any of the five categories:
- intrusion
- negative mood
- dissociation
- avoidance
- arousal

Question 34

acute stress syndrome C =

Answer 34

duration of the disturbance is 3 days to 1 month after the trauma exposure

Question 35

arousal bij acute stress syndrome =

Answer 35

Sleep disturbance (e.g., difficulty falling or staying asleep, restless sleep).
Irritable behavior and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation), typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression toward people or objects.
Hypervigilance.
Problems with concentration.
Exaggerated startle response.

Question 36

adjustment syndrome A=

Answer 36

The development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor(s) occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressor(s).

Question 37

intrusion in acute stress syndrome =

Answer 37

• memories of event
• dreams
• dissociative reactions
• intense or prolonged distress due to cues

Question 38

wat voor soort categorie is adjustment syndrome

Answer 38

a residual category!!!
you never diagnose it together with another syndrome, er is noooit comorbidity !!!
want dit is iets wat je diagnosticeerd als de andere diagnosen niet passen, en als er een belangrijke stressor/change was. from that they develop some kind of emotional response

Question 39

adjustment syndrome A=

Answer 39

the development of emotional or behavioural symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor occuring within 3 months of the onset of the stressor

Question 40

adjustment syndrome B=

Answer 40

the symptoms are clinically significant:
- marked distress out of proportion to the severity/intensity of the stressor, taking into account the external context and the cultural factors
- significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Question 41

adjustment syndrome C=

Answer 41

the stress-related disturbance does not meet the criteria for another mental disorder and is not merely an exacerbation of a pre-existing mental disorder

Question 42

adjustment syndrome D=

Answer 42

the symptoms do not represent normal bereavement (verlies)

Question 43

adjustment syndrome E=

Answer 43

once the stressor or its consequences have terminated, the symptoms do not persist for more than an additional 6 months

Question 45

difference adjustment disorder and acute stress disorder

Answer 45

The difference between acute stress disorder and adjustment disorder is that the stressful event in adjustment disorder (such as losing your job or the ending of a relationship) is typically less traumatic than an event that causes acute stress disorder (such as sexual assault or surviving a mass shooting)