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2nd Sem Plant biodiv > Chapter 2: Non-Vascular Plants > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Non-Vascular Plants Flashcards

1
Q

_____ Closest living relatives of land plants

_____ Adaptations of said relatives

A

Charophytes

Sporopollenin (polymer)

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2
Q

Features of Charophytes (4):

A

Rosette-shaped cellulose-synthesizing complex

Peroxisome enzymes

Structure of sperm

Phragmoplast

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3
Q

What makes land plants unique:

  1. _____
    Two kinds of organisms:
    ____ & _____
A

Alternation of generations

Gametophyte & Sporophyte

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4
Q

Order of alternation of generations:

Starts with ____

which makes ____

which undergoes ____

To make ____

which undergoes ____

To make ____

Combined with one from another plant _____ occurs

To make ____

Which undergoes ____

To make ______

A

Starts with Meiosis

Which makes Spore

Which undergoes Mitosis

To make Gametophyte

Which undergoes Mitosis

To make Gamete

Combined with one from another plant Fertilization occurs

To make Zygote

Which undergoes Mitosis

To make Sporophyte

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5
Q

What makes land plants unique:

  1. ____ produced in ___
A

Walled Spores produced in Sporangia

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6
Q

What makes land plants unique:

  1. ____

Female gametophytes have ____ with ____, together called _____

Male gametophytes have ____ with ____, together called _____

A

Multicellular gametangia

Archegonium with Egg
Archegonia

Antheridium with Sperm
Antheridia

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7
Q

What makes land plants unique:

  1. _____
A

Apical Meristems

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8
Q

What makes land plants unique:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Alternation of generations
  2. Walled spores in sporangia
  3. Multicellular gametangia
  4. Apical meristems
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9
Q

Timeline:

Origin of land plants _____
Origin of vascular plants ____
Origin of extant seed plants ____

A

475 mya
420 mya
305 mya

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10
Q

Traits of non-vascular plants (4):

A

No true roots, stems, or leaves
No vascular tissues
Smal
Moist Habitat

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11
Q

Modern Non-Vascular Plants:

  1. _______
    Class ____(mosses)
    Class ____(Liverworts)
    Class ____(Hornworts)
A

Bryophytes
Class Musci (mosses)
Class Hepaticae (Liverworts)
Class Anthocerotae (Hornworts)

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12
Q

General Characteristics of Mosses:

Mosses are the_____

Mosses lack ____ they have no ____,____or____

Mosses are _____

A

Mosseas are the most ancient plants

Mosses lack vascular tissue they have no true roots, stems, or leaves

Mosses are pioneer plants

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13
Q

General Characteristics of Mosses, mosses are the most ancient plants:

Plants that were first able to leave aquatic environment and move to land

Mosses developed from ___ as a “____” group

A

green alga as a “dead end” group

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14
Q

General Characteristics of Mosses, mosses have no vascular tissue:

Photosynthesis is usually done by leaflife blades that are usually a single cell layer thick or a sheet-like ____ that sits on ground

Some ___ have ____ for gas exchange

No _____

A

Thallus

Bryophytes
Stomata

No lignin

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15
Q

Mosses (Bryophyta):

About ____ species

Are all “____” with a ____

Produce multicellular ____

A

14000 species

“leafy” with a midvein

Multicellular rhizoids

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16
Q

Mosses (Bryophyta):

Many produce ___ on sporophytes

Typically ____ (separate male and female gametophytes)

Unbranched sporophyte with single terminal sporangium known as a ____ on an elongated stalk called ____

A

Stomata on sporophytes

Dioecious

Capsule
Seta

17
Q

Mosses (bryophyta):

Sperm dispersal parts (3)

____ comes off and the capsule lid ____ bursts off.

A ring of teeth called the ____ which is hygroscopic and aids in spore dispersal which could have 50 million spores

Spores then germinate to form a filamentous _____

A

Calyptra
Operculum
Peristome

Protonema

18
Q

Mosses (bryophytes):

Primitive conducting cells include:

____ Water conducting cells
____ Sap conducting cells

A

Hydroids
Leptoids

19
Q

Reproductive structures:

______ General reproductive system

______ Contains egg, swollen base
______ found here, multiple paraphyses in multicellular filaments to attract sperm

_____ Contains sperm, on short stalks

A

Gametangia

Archegonium
Archegonia

Antheridia

20
Q

Most basic moss life cycle:

n - _____ organism (_____)

2n - _____ organism (_____)

A

Most basic moss life cycle:

n - Haploid organism (gametophyte)

2n - Diploid organism (sporophyte)

21
Q

Detailed moss cycle steps:

  1. Moss _____ grow near the ground in (_____)
  2. Through water, sperm from the male gametophyte will swim to the female gametophyte to create a ______
  3. _____ will grow from _____
  4. ______ will create and release _____
  5. _____ land and grow into new _____
  6. The process repeats
A
  1. MOSS GAMETOPHYTES grow near the ground in (HAPLOID STAGE)
  2. Through water, sperm from the male gametophyte will swim to the female gametophyte to create a DIPLOID ZYGOTE
  3. DIPLOID SPOROPHYTE will grow from ZYGOTE
  4. SPOROPHYTE will create and release HAPLOID SPORES
  5. HAPLOID SPORES land and grow into new GAMETOPHYTES
  6. The process repeats.
22
Q

Life cycle: Summary:

Mosses produce 2 types of gametes (____ & ____)

_____ keep gamete cells from drying out

____ are larger with more cytoplasm and are immobile

_____ must swim through water droplets to follow chemical trails

Moss gametes form in separate reproductive structures on the gametophyte ____ & ____

A

Egg & sperm

Sterile cells

Egg

Flagellated sperm

Archegonium and antheridium

23
Q

Life cycle: Summary:

_____ can only occur after rain

A zygote that undergoes mitosis turns into a _____

Cells inside a ____ undergoes meiosis to form ____

_____ germinate into juvenile plants called ____ which begin _____

A

Fertilization

sporophyte

Sporophyte capsule
Haploid spores

Haploid spores
Protonema
Gametophyte generation

24
Q

Ecological importance of mosses:

  1. _____
    Do not require any soil supplements to assist in growth and have a natural antibiotic ability to fight disease.
  2. _____
    One of the most effective on land are ____
    Moss occupies ___ of land mass and is better than any plant
  3. _____
    Moss plays a major role as a solution to many problematic side effects of extreme winter weather
A
  1. Moss does not Require or produce pollutants
  2. Moss can Fight the Global Carbon Cycle
    Sphagnum spp.
    3%
  3. Moss can Fight Stormwater drainage
25
Q

Phylum Bryophyta Classes of moss (3):

Interesting types ____

A

Peat mosses
True mosses
Rock mosses

Luminous Moss

26
Q

Moss Diversity:

Moss that looks like 3d fern

Moss that looks like fuzz ball

Moss thats like a pincushion but looks wet and has frog legs

A

Sheet moss

Pincushion moss

Rock cap moss

27
Q

Moss Diversity:

Moss that looks like a bush of weed

Literally looks like fern with orange coloring down the line

Moss that looks almost like a fuzzball but looks like grass because of the bunching

Looks like fern again but thin and doesnt have the brown line

A

Lesser Smooth Cap Moss

Mountain Fern Moss

Wind Blown Moss

Log Moss

2nd Sem Plant biodiv (12 decks)

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