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A & P: 2 > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Define the epimysium

A

A muscle that is wrapped in fibrous membrane

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2
Q

What are the subgroups of muscles called

A

Fassicles

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3
Q

Each fassicle consists of what

A

Hundreds of muscle fibers

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4
Q

What is a muscle fiber

A

An individual muscle cell (myocyte)

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5
Q

Each myocyte contains what

A

“Thread like chains” of myofibrils

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6
Q

What are the alternating regions of the myofibril

A

Sacromeres

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7
Q

Each sacromere contain what?

A

Actin and myosin protein

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8
Q

What does myosin do

A

Pulls actin ends together to create muscle contraction when ATP attaches to myosin heads

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9
Q

What do electrical impulses do?

A

Initiates muscle contraction

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10
Q

Define neurotransmitter’s

A

Cross the nerve gap & Bind to receptors on the muscle membrane

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11
Q

Define Acetylcholine

A

Causes muscle receptors to release calcium ( which triggers production of ATP)

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12
Q

What are the 3 sources of ATP for muscle contraction

A
  1. Creatine phosphate
  2. Glucose from glycogen (aerobic)
  3. Glucose from glycogen (anaerobic)
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13
Q

Define creatine phosphate

A

A nitrogen based molecule used to make ATP for muscle cell contraction

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14
Q

Define glucose from glycogen

A

Glycogen is a long strand of glucose molecules

Glycogen is spilt into glucose molecules

Glucose is metabolized into ATP through aerobic metabolism (presence of oxygen) or anaerobic (lactate fermentation) metabolism (no oxygen)

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15
Q

Define striated muscle

A

Muscle of skeletal system for voluntary movement

The striations are microscopic visible sacromeres

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16
Q

Define non striated muscle

A

Aka smooth, visceral

Involuntary muscles of digestive tract and blood vessels

Individual Sarcomeres run parallel to each other

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17
Q

Define cardiac muscle

A

Aka myocardial
Heart muscle that is involuntary but striated

18
Q

Define the origin

A

The muscles proximal attachment
No movement occurs here

19
Q

Define the insertion point

A

Muscles distal attachment

Where movement occurs

20
Q

Define a tendon

A

Tissue that connects muscle to bone

21
Q

Define a ligament

A

Tissue that connects bone to bone

22
Q

Define the sternocleidomastoid

A

Located in lateral neck

Allows rotation of the head

Insertion: mastoid portion temporal bone
Origin: clavicle & sternal manubrium

23
Q

Define the deltoid

A

Located at the top of the shoulder
Abduction of the arm

Origin: clavicle shaft acromion and acromial extremity

Insertion : proximal, lateral humerus below surgical neck

24
Q

Define the rotator cuff

A

Group of 4 muscles surrounding the scapula

Internal and external humeral rotation

Origin: multiple places anterior and posterior scapula

Insertion: humerus greater and lesser tubercles

25
Q

Define biceps brachii

A

Located proximal, anterior humerus

Flexion of elbow

Origin: humeral head & scapular coracoid process

Insertion: radial tuberosity and ulnar coronoid process

26
Q

Define triceps brachii

A

Located posterior humerus

Extension at elbow

Origin: humeral neck and scapula axillary margin

Insertion: ulnar olecranon process

27
Q

Define trapezius

A

Located on posterior surface of upper back

Rolling shoulders back
Pulling shoulders up

Origin: base of skull (EOP), cervical and thoracic spinous processes

Insertion: scapular spine

28
Q

Define pectoralis major

A

Located anterior chest wall beneath breast tissue

Medial rotation @shoulder
Adduction/crossing the arms

Origin: sternal extremity , clavicle and sternum

Insertion: proximal, anterior humerus below surgical neck

29
Q

Define intercostal muscles

A

Located between ribs

Inhalation during contraction of external layer

Exhalation during contraction of internal layer

Origin: shaft and costal cartilage of rib above
Insertion: shaft and costal cartilage of rib below

30
Q

Define the diaphragm

A

Separates that from abdomen

Inhalation during contraction
Exhalation of relaxation

Origin: L1 (crus), XI & Xll

Insertion : base of lungs via central tendon

31
Q

Define the rectus abdominus

A

Located anterior abdominal

Flexing and Turning at the waist

Origin: 5th -7th coral cartilage and xiphoid tip

Insertion : pubic bone

32
Q

Define latissimus Doris

A

Located lower back

Adduction of arm
Medial rotation @shoulder (internal)
Arm extension

Origin: spinous process, lower thoracic and lumbar and sacral crest

Insertion: proximal, medial humerus below surgical neck

33
Q

Define psoas major

A

Located inner abdomen and pelvis

Flexion of hip (raising knee up)

Origin: transverse processes L1-L5

Insertion: lesser trochanter femur

34
Q

Define gluteus Maximus

A

Aka buttocks
Largest muscle in the body

Abduction and Adduction of lower thighs
Extension of hip
Lateral rotation of leg

Origin: posterior ilium and lateral sacrum

Insertion: posterior , proximal femur

35
Q

Define quadriceps femoris ( rectus femoris)

A

Locate anterior , upper thigh
Strongest muscle in body

Extension of knee

Origin: anterior ilium (AIIS), multiple proximal femur attachments

Insertion: tibia tuberosity

36
Q

Biceps femoris

A

1 of 3 muscles that make up the hamstring

Located posterior, medial aspect of upper thigh

Flexion at knee

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: posterior fibula head

37
Q

Define gastrocnemius (calf)

A

Located posterior, lower leg

Plantar Flexion

Origin: posterior femoral condyles

Insertion: calcaneus tuberosity ( via Achilles tendon)

38
Q

What are prime movers

A

Aka agonist

Muscles which initiate a movement from the anatomical position

Ex: sternocleidomastoid, biceps brachii, biceps femoris

39
Q

What are antagonists

A

Muscles which move opposite of primes movers

Return to anatomical position
Ex : triceps brachii, quadriceps femoris

40
Q

What are synergists

A

Muscles which act with prime movers to prevent movement of unwanted body parts

Stabilizing muscles
Staying in contracted state to maintain posture

A & P: 2 (17 decks)

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