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A & P: 2 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 macroscopic parts of the kidney

A

Upper pole
Lower pole
Hilum

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2
Q

What are the layers of the kidney

A

Fibrous capsule ( thin tough outer layer)

Cortex ( middle layer where functional units are)

Medulla ( inner layer where macroscopic collecting system is)

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3
Q

Define the renal pyramids aka
Medulla pyramids

A

Smaller portion located in the medulla
Each pyramid is a small group of collecting tubules ( renal papilla)

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4
Q

Define minor calyx

A

Medium sized tubule that drains many microscopic collecting tubule

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5
Q

Define major calyx

A

Large collecting tube that drains several minor calyces

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6
Q

Define the renal pelvis

A

Largest collecting area of kidney

Drains all major calyces

Attaches to ureter

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7
Q

Define renal columns and renal sinuses

A

Space between renal pyramids and calyces

Very vascular

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8
Q

Define the nephron

A

Smallest single functional unit of a kidney

Primarily located in cortex but do reach the medulla

1 million per kidney

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9
Q

What are the parts of the nephron (6)

A

Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting tubule

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10
Q

Define the glomerulus &. What occurs

A

small capillaries where the exchange of water, electrolytes, and uric waste occurs

Part of circulatory system and the nephron

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11
Q

Define bowman’s capsule

A

Small collecting tube surrounding the glomerulus

Most proximal part of collecting system

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12
Q

Define proximal convoluted tubule & what happens

A

Long tubule extending down toward medulla of kidney

Some re absorption of water and mineral occur here

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13
Q

Define loop of henle

A

Where collecting tubules drops into the medulla and changes direction towards cortex

Includes descending and ascending limbs

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14
Q

Define distal convoluted tubule

A

Long tubule extending back up into cortex

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15
Q

Define collecting tubule

A

Extends down toward medulla

Drain several distal convoluted tubules into minor calyx

Many collecting tubules together form a renal pyramid

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16
Q

Where is the top of the kidney located

A

Level of T11/ T12

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17
Q

Where are the mid kidneys located

A

Level of L1/ L2

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18
Q

Where id the bottom
Of the kidneys located

A

Level of L3

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19
Q

How are the kidneys oriented in the body

A

30 degree angle

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20
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located

A

Upper pole of the kidneys

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21
Q

What are the functions of adrenal glands

A

Produces adrenaline
Part of endocrine system

Has no related urinary function

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22
Q

What are the functions of the ureter

A

“Push” urine from kidneys to bladder

23
Q

Where are the ureters located

A

Begin @renal pelvis of each kidney

Extends down to cross the sacrum and enter urinary bladder

24
Q

What are the 3 parts of ureters

A

Ureteropelvic junction
Pelvic brim
Ureterovesical junction

25
Q

Define the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)

A

Constricted area of proximal uteter just inferior to renal hilum

26
Q

Define the pelvic brim

A

Constricted area of ureter where ureter crosses the lower sacrum and iliac artery

27
Q

Define the ureterovesical junction (UVJ)

A

Constructed area of ureter where ureter enters the bladder

Posterior surface on lateral view

28
Q

Where is the urinary bladder located

A

Sub peritoneal cavity
Superior and slightly posterior to Pubic bone

29
Q

What is the function of the urinary bladder (5)

A

Urine reservoir
Excretion of urine
Urge to void capacity (250 cc)
Pain capacity (500 cc)
Total capacity (1000 cc)

30
Q

What is the structure of the bladder

A

A muscular sac with a mucus membrane interior

31
Q

What happens when the bladder is emptying

A

Rugae fold / bladder collapses

32
Q

What muscle makes the bladder walls

A

Detrusor muscle

33
Q

What attaches the bladder to the pelvic floor

A

Trigone muscle

34
Q

What do the UVJ ( ureterovesical junction) form on the urinary bladder

A

The back corners of trigone

35
Q

What does the internal urethral orifice form

A

Front corner of trigone

36
Q

What kind id muscle is the internal urethral sphincter

A

Involuntary muscle

37
Q

What kind of muscle is the external urethra sphincter

A

Voluntary muscle

38
Q

During filling which way does the bladder expand

A

Superiorly from the trigone

39
Q

Detrussor muscle allows the bladder to do what during filling

A

Expand

40
Q

What keeps urine in?

A

Urethral sphincters contracting

41
Q

What happens to the bladder during urination

A

It collapses towards trigone

42
Q

How does the detrussor muscle force urine out

A

Contracts

43
Q

What does the urethral sphincter do to allow urine flow

A

Relaxes

44
Q

What are the 4 main renal functions

A
  1. Remove nitrogenous waste from blood and body
  2. Regulate water and balance in body
  3. Regulate electrolyte and pH balance in body
  4. Assist in maintaining blood pressure
45
Q

What are 2 renal function test

A

BUN & creatinine

46
Q

What is the most accurate test for renal function

A

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

47
Q

Define nephrolithiasis

A

Heavy mineral deposits resulting in stones

48
Q

Define renal failure

A

Could be chronic or acute

Declining function can be caused by excretion of albumin , reduced filtration

49
Q

What is immediate treatment for renal failure

A

Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Kidney transplant

50
Q

Define a UTI

A

More common in women
40% are hospital occured infections

51
Q

Define micturition

A

Aka voiding

Voluntary unrination

52
Q

Define incontinence

A

Aka enuresis

Involuntary urination

53
Q

Define Anuria

A

No urine production

54
Q

Define nephroptosis

A

Abnormal inferior displacement of kidneys

A & P: 2 (17 decks)

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