Lecture 16/17- Nervous System as a Machine/Neuron Doctrine

Question 1

Afferent signals

Answer 1

Go towards the Central Nervous System

Question 2

Efferent signals

Answer 2

Go away from Central Nervous System

Question 3

What are the three steps in the nervous system machine?

Answer 3

1. Sensory into afferent
2. Brain+spinal cord
3. Motor out

Question 4

Sensory Transduction

Answer 4

The change in energy from signals in the outside world to movement of ions across membranes

Question 5

What are three types of sensory transductions?

Answer 5

1. Electromagnetic
2. Mechanical
3. Chemical

Question 6

What two subgroups are under mechanical sensory transduction?

Answer 6

Touch and hearing

Question 7

How do ions flow into mechanical transductions cells?

Answer 7

Opening and closing the channel allows ions to flow in

Question 8

What are the two subgroups under chemical transduction?

Answer 8

Taste and olfaction (smell)

Question 9

What are the five types of tastes?

Answer 9

Sweet, bitter, salty, sour, almami

Question 10

How are flavors detected?

Answer 10

Through specific ions fitting into receptors

Question 11

What is the Neuron Doctrine?

Answer 11

The neuron is the fundamental, structural, and functional unit of the nervous system

Neuron Doctrine is composed of millions of individual/distinct neurons

Question 12

What did the Cellularists believe in?

Answer 12

Nervous system is composed of individual units called neurons

Question 13

What did the Reticularists believe in?

Answer 13

Neurons are all connected by cytoplasm bridges

Question 14

What is the Law of Dynamic Polarization?

Answer 14

Information in neurons from dendrite to axon terminal can only flow in ONE direction

Question 15

What is the structural definition of a neuron?

Answer 15

Dendrite
Axon
Stoma
Cell Body
Axonterminal

Question 16

What is the role of voltage gate channels in a neuron?

Answer 16

Conduct Na+ inward and K+ outward

Question 17

What does the input region of a neuron contain?

Answer 17

Dendrite

Question 18

What does the conductive region of a neuron contain?

Answer 18

Axon

Question 19

How is information sent from one neuron to another?

Answer 19

Change in charge inside and outside the neuron

Question 20

What end of the microtubule are tubulin dimers added to the microtubule?

Answer 20

”+” end

Question 21

What end of the microtubule are tubulin dimers taken away from the microtubules?

Answer 21

”-“ end

Question 22

What direction does Kinesin motor proteins carry vesicles in?

Answer 22

Anterograde direction

Question 23

What end of the microtubule does anterograde direction go towards?

Is this towards or away from the nucleus?

Answer 23

”+” end
Away from the nucleus

Question 24

What end of the microtubule does retrograde direction go towards?

Is this towards or away from the nucleus?

Answer 24

”-“ end
Towards the nucleus

Question 25

What is axoplasmic transport?

Answer 25

Cell transport

Question 26

Are cytoplasmic proteins fast or slow?

Answer 26

Slow

Question 27

Do cytoplasmic proteins have free or bound ribosomes?

Answer 27

Free

Question 28

What are two slow transport proteins?

Answer 28

Actin and tubulin

Question 29

Are vesicular proteins fast or slow?

Answer 29

Fast

Question 30

What do fast proteins use to speed up transport along the microtubules?

Answer 30

Kinesin and Dynein

Question 31

What did the rabbit retina experiment find?

Answer 31

The reason cytoplasmic proteins are “slow” is because they make occasional stops since they fall off the vesicle used for transport

Question 32

What are three types of vesiculated proteins?

Answer 32

Transmembrane
Lysosomal
Secreted

Question 33

True or false: Vesiculated proteins can move faster than cytoplasmic proteins overall

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Is Kinesin “+” or “-“ end driven?

Answer 34

”+” end

Question 35

Is Dinein “+” or “-“ end driven?

Answer 35

”-“ end