Lecture 23- Function/Structure of Synapses Flashcards
According to the SNARE hypothesis, Ca2+ binds to ______________ which is the calcium sensor.
a. SNAP-25
b. Synaptotagmin
c. Syntaxin
d. VAMP/Synaptobrevin
Synaptotagmin
For an excitatory synapse _________________ is released from the presynaptic cell and binds to ligand-gated ionotropic channels in the postsynaptic cell. This allows for ___________ ions to enter the postsynaptic cell.
a. GABA, Cl-
b. Neurotransmitter, Cl-
c. GABA, Na+
d. Neurotransmitter, Na+
Neurotransmitter, Na+
What is “Soups”?
Chemical conductivity
What is “Sparks”?
Electrical conductivity
Did “Soups” or “Sparks” end up being correct?
“Soups” won- neurons communicate using molecules and the synapses are chemical
What is a synapse?
The points of contact between neurons where information is passed from one neuron to the next
What did Langley’s nicotine experiment do?
Used only nicotine solution to activate muscle through autonomic neurons.
What did Langley’s nicotine experiment support?
Supports the existence of a receptor substance/the synapse is chemical in nature
What did Loewi’s frog experiment do?
Stimulated the vagus nerve attached to the frog heart in a beaker full of water which slowed the heartbeat
What realization did Loewi come to from the experiment?
Realized if synapse is chemical in nature (soups), then the solution in the beaker alone should be able to stimulate another heart without electrodes
Which two experiments proved that the synapse is chemical in nature (soups)?
Nicotine and Frog experiements
What part/region of the neuron is the presynaptic element?
Output region/end of axon
What ion is necessary for the release of neurotransmitter?
Calcium
How do neurons communicate?
Through the release of neurotransmitter
How was soups confirmed in vesicles?
Electron microscopy showed vesicles in the output region of the neuron which contained neurotransmitter
