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Exercise Physiology Lab > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what provides the energy necessary to rapidly form ATP by nonoxidative phosphorylation

A

intramuscular glycogen stores

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2
Q

those who MAINTAIN a high power output throughout the test

A

have a low fatigue index

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3
Q

energy stores exhausted formula

A

energy stores exhausted = maximal capacity/maximal power

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4
Q

supramaximal

A

power outputs above VO2max

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5
Q

fatigue index

A

the decline in power over the course of the test

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6
Q

what other factors may affect anaerobic performance

A

motivation and maximal strength

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7
Q

two approaches to assess anaerobic power

A

1) measure the substrates used (ATP or PCr) or metabolites produced (lactate)
2) measure the amount of external work performed during short duration, high intensity exercise

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8
Q

what does training do to the power equation

A

increases power and work and decreases time

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9
Q

if phosphates accumulate in muscle tissue without being utilized in ATP synthesis, what happens to force production

A

it is inhibited

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10
Q

how to calculate fatigue index

A

difference between the highest peak power and lowest peak power divided by the highest peak power

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11
Q

validity

A

ability of a test to measure what it claims to measure there is no gold standard to anaerobic performance test or measuring anaerobic energy release

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12
Q

how to set up the load on the wheel

A

7.5% of body weight (kg)

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13
Q

factors that explain differences among individuals anaerobic performance

A

capacity of immediate and glycolytic energy stores

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14
Q

what do both approaches that asses anaerobic power assume

A

that all the energy produced to perform high intensity activities comes from immediate and glycolytic sources **but this assumption is INVALID, as O2 consumption provides some energy even during short duration tasks

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15
Q

what is critical to initiate and sustain work output in all high intensity activities

A

nonoxidative ATP production

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16
Q

those who rapidly decline in power output during the test

A

have a high fatigue index

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17
Q

validity of Wingate test

A

there are positive correlations between Wingate peak power, type 2 fiber area, 50 m sprint time, and vertical jump height

-wingate test is not a valid test

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18
Q

how to set up the load on the wheel

A

7.5% of body weight (kg)

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19
Q

immediate energy sources chem equations and enzymes

A

ATP+H2O –> ADP +Pi via ATPase
CP+ADP –> ATP + C via creatine kinase
ADP + ADP —> ATP + AMP via adenylate kinase

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20
Q

rapid non-oxidative glycolysis chem equation

A

Glucose —> 2 ATP + 2 lactate

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21
Q

what are the most important factors in determining energy sources during exercise

A

intensity and duration

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22
Q

energy stores exhausted formula

A

energy stores exhausted = maximal capacity/maximal power

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23
Q

potential factors limiting anaerobic perfomance

A

energy depeletion (PCr) metabolite accumulation (H+ ions, inorganic phosphate)central and peripheral fatigue

24
Q

what does training do to the power equation

A

increases power and work and decreases time

25
Q

how does training improve anaerobic performance

A

increase in type 2 skeletal muscle fibers
improve ATP-PCr system
Improve glycolytic system

26
Q

what provides the most of energy for short duration high intensity activity

A

anaerobic sources

27
Q

how to assess how much anaerobic power and capacity was done

A

measure changes in chemical substances used (ATP, PCr, glycogen) or produced (lactate) as a result of anaerobic metabolism

28
Q

validity

A

ability of a test to measure what it claims to measure there is no gold standard to anaerobic performance test or measuring anaerobic energy release

29
Q

what happens to energy expenditure during power exercises compared to resting

A

may increase by 40 fold

30
Q

what are the three types of energy production involved in working muscles

A

immediate, non-oxidative glycolytic, oxidative

31
Q

how does the body’s energy systems interact to meet energy systems

A

dependent on power and capacity of the three energy systems

32
Q

what systems account for the major production of ATP during short duration supramaximal activity

A

glycolytic and immediate energy stores

33
Q

is an energy system ever turned off?

A

no- none of the energy systems are ever completely turned off

34
Q

what makes up critical immediate energy reserve for skeletal muscle

A

ATP and creatine phosphate (CP)

35
Q

what two things provide energy at the fastest rate

A

ATP and CP

36
Q

what sources provide energy during the highest power movements

A

ATP and CP

37
Q

what (in addition to immediate energy stores) significantly affect one’s ability to generate maximal energy production during brief durations

A

quantity of intramuscular phosphagen stores

38
Q

stored phosphagens can provide enough energy for

A

a brisk one minute walk, a slow 20 second run, or an all out sprint for 10 seconds

39
Q

maximal efforts sustained for more than 10-15 seconds requires assistance from which systems

A

glycolytic and oxidative ATP pathways to sustain work output and “recharge” the pool of high energy phosphates

40
Q

which has better maximal power: glycolysis or immediate phosphagen stores

A

immediate phosphagen stores

41
Q

what can sustain high power outputs for 10 seconds to 2 min depending on intensity

A

fast glycolytic stores

42
Q

what has the greatest capacity to sustain exercise out of the three energy sources

A

aerobic breakdown of glycogen

43
Q

what provides the greatest amount of energy per unit of substrate when activities last longer than 2 to 3 minutes

A

oxidative metabolism

44
Q

factors that explain differences among individuals anaerobic performance

A

capacity of immediate and glycolytic energy stores

45
Q

an althete with greater stores of high energy phosphates and metabolic enzymes can use those stores at what intensity and duration before needing to depend on nonoxidative and oxidative energy from glycolysis

A

higher intensity and longer duration

46
Q

longer term anaerobic performances are associated with

A

higher blood lactate levels, supporting the idea that all out exercise training enhances the capacity of the glycolytic system to produce energy

47
Q

greater buffering of H ions from lactate can prevent

A

force reductions and loss of enzymatic function

48
Q

what can improve anaerobic performance

A

specific anaerobic training such as..repeatedly performing high power exercises which increases type 2 fiber recruitment, increase fatigue tolerance, improve cardiovascular function and increase immediate and glycolytic energy stores

49
Q

what induces the most specific benefits for a desired activity

A

specific training for a desired activity

50
Q

what test assess anaerobic fitness

A

none

51
Q

what test produces a valid measure of aerobic fitness

A

VO2 max test

52
Q

why is there no test to measure anaerobic fitness

A

due to the inability to measure anaerobic energy production accurately and reliably and it is difficult to assess precisely how much aerobic energy contributes to high intensity exercise

53
Q

what is the wingate anaerobic test designed to measure

A

the power and capacity generated from immediate stores and from non-oxidative glycolysis

54
Q

peak power

A

energy derived from ATP and CP used in wingate anaerobic test from the five seconds with the highest power value

55
Q

mean power

A

energy derived from glycolysis used from wingate anaerobic test and is data from the total power generated over 30 seconds aka supramaximal capacity

Exercise Physiology Lab (12 decks)

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