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Exercise Physiology Lab > lab 8 > Flashcards

lab 8 Flashcards

1
Q

an increase in cardiorespiratory function reduces what

A

risk of chronic diseases and death

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2
Q

What do cardiac and hemodynamic (BP) assessments during exercise do that VO2 max doesnt show

A

provides more sensitive measurement of changes in cardiorespiratory function

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3
Q

the purpose of using a graded exercise test depends on what

A

depends on the person being tested

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4
Q

why does the reason for using a GXT change with different people

A
  • research utilize GXT for young, healthy individual to measure changes in cardiorespiratroy function before and after a training program
  • for a 60 year old w/ multiple risk factors = diagnostic for heart disease
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5
Q

Common measurements for all GXT procedures include what 4 things

A
  • cardiac electrical conuction through 12 lead ECG, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), oxygen consumption, and BP
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6
Q

What is the most valuable measurement and indicator of cardiovascular health

A

BP

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7
Q

What is blood pressure

A

ratio of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure

BP = sBP/dBP

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8
Q

what is systolic blood pressure

A

pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts

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9
Q

Diastolic pressure is what

A

pressure in the arteries when the heart is filling between beats

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10
Q

what is pulse pressure (PP)

A

difference between diastolic and systolic pressures

PP= sBP-dBP

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11
Q

What is a healthy BP

A

120/80

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12
Q

What is MAP

A

average pressure in the arteries during a cardiac cycle

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13
Q

map determines what

A

rate of blood flow through vasculature

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14
Q

MAP is equal to what at rest (what is the equation)

A

MAP = dBP + 1/3PP

  • calculated this way b/c heart is in diastole for 2/3 of cardiac cycle at rest
  • this measurement loses accuracy during exercise b/c heart is in systole (contractiorest to ) for relatively greater amount of time compared
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15
Q

MAP is determined by what two things during exercise

A

cardiac output (Q) and total peripheral resistance (TPR)

MAP = Q * TPR

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16
Q

What is TPR

A

sum of resistance to blood flow in the vasculature
* bp is influenced by anything that influences Q or TPR

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17
Q

Explain the whole pathway on why BP increases with exercise

A
  • due to lg increase in cardiac output
  • elevated HR and L ventricular contractility b/c sympathetic activity and increase in venous return (preload), increase cardiac output
18
Q

MAP (afterload) does what to the heart

A

is a barrier to the ejection of blood from the ventricles –> make stroke volume increase more than blood pressure to pump blood into body

19
Q

vasodilation of the arterioles supplying blood to active muscles does what

A

helps reduce the increase in afterload during exercsie

20
Q

what is the net result of exercise on BP causes what

A

increase in systolic BP due to increase Q, while diastolic BP doesnt change or decreases slightly

21
Q

aerobic exercise training does what do resting and submaximal exercise BP

A

decreases resting and submax exercise BP

  • resting and submax HR decrease, vascular tone (TPR) diminish
22
Q

at max exercise what happens to BP

A

diastolic BP changes but systolic BP and MAP dont change

23
Q

reasons for performing a GXT include what 5 things

A
  1. medical history and physical
  2. evaluating exertional discomfort
  3. evaluating presence of hidden CAD
  4. classifying risk patients w/ known cardiovascular disease
  5. prescribing exercise
24
Q

Before the GXT subjects are classified into what risk groups

A
  1. age
  2. known disease
  3. risk factors
25
Q

Following screening what is recorded

A

resting HR and BP == test begins at given work rate

26
Q

when is the test stopped

A

either at predetermined point (given % or HRmax) or point of volitional exhaustion

27
Q

The criteria for test termination can be what two things

A
  • absolute (always stopped)
  • relative (subject to discretion)
28
Q

why are GXTs useul in measureing changs in cardiac function

A

b/c many cardiovascular and physioogical abnormalities dont become apparent until the body is stressed

29
Q

What are 3 general indications for stopping an exercise test in low risk

A
  1. onset of angina or angina-like symptoms
  2. subject requests to stop
  3. failure of HR to increase w/ increased exercise intensity
30
Q

changes in cardiac function during graded exercise does what to the graph

A

linear increase in HR to max — and linear increase in SV until certain intensity

  • SV plateus at about 50% in untrained individuals
  • in trained = SV plateaus at much greater intensities or may not plateau
31
Q

What happens to cardiac output and SV with graded exercise

A

Q increases greatly at first and the less as SV plateaus

32
Q

an Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to do what

A

used as indicator of heart’s ability to function normally under inccreased myocardial oxygen demand

33
Q
A
34
Q

What things are altered with an increase HR during exercise that are normal and reduced RR intervals

A

Altered:
1. Action potential duration
2. conduction velocity
3. Contractile velocity

  • also have minor QRS complex and P wave changes
35
Q

The information from a GXT test is more important in doing what

A

defining risk and predicting future problems than making specific diagnosis

36
Q

the prognostic capabilities of a GXT are defined as what

A

as “normal” and “abnormal” cardiac and hemodynamic changes

37
Q

what is the best predictor of cardiovascular function

A

VO2

38
Q

Explain the cardiovascular responses to exercise w/ BP, a-v O2 difference, SV, and Q

A
  • BP == systolic increases linearly, diastolic stays constant
  • a-v O2 diff == increases sharply and then increases as a smaller slope
  • SV == increases sharply and then plateus
  • Q == increases sharply and then increases as a smaller slope
39
Q

Explain the BP response to graded exercise

A
  • with exercise systolic gradually increases then at rest slowly decreases
  • diastolic doesnt change
40
Q

a S-T depression means what

A

myocardial ischemia – partial or complete blockage of coronary artery

41
Q

what is the name of the sound that is your systolic BP

A

Korotkoff sound

Exercise Physiology Lab (12 decks)

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