Lab 1

Question 1

What is work and what are the three types of work

Answer 1

Work is the transfer of energy
- chemical work = ATP biosynthesis
- cellular work = active transport
- mechanical work = accomplished with muscular contractions

Question 2

what is the equation to find work? SI units?

Answer 2

Work (J) = force (N) x distance (m)

Question 3

What is energy

Answer 3

capacity to do work –humans transform chemical energy from food to perform work (measured in Calories)

Question 4

What is power

Answer 4

rate of work done (power = work/time), rate of transforming metabolic energy to physical performance
ie. aerobic or anerobic
power
SI unit is watt (W) or kcal/min, or kgm/min, or kpm/min

Question 5

how do you convert kgm or kpm to SI unit joule

Answer 5

for every mass of 1 kg must be multiplied by acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2)

Question 6

What are absolute terms for physiological and performance data

Answer 6

actual measured values with units
- ie. 80kg, 10m, 300 W, 10 L*min-1 rate of VO2

Question 6

What are relative terms for physiological and performance data

Answer 6

data expressed in relation to another value (usually in relation to body mass)
- ie. a 50 kg subject is exercising at an absolute rate of oxygen consumption of 1L/min

Question 7

Absolute intensity can be expressed as what

Answer 7

percent peak power output
10 mph as % of peak running speed

Question 8

Exercise intensity can be expressed in absolute, relative or both terms

Answer 8

both – =10 Lmin-1or 10 L/minkg

Question 9

What is a graded exercise test

Answer 9

work rate changes during the test and is usually an independent variable
for graded exercise test on cycle ergometer, subject exercise for 3 stages at 50, 100, and 150 W for 4 minutes per stage
on treadmill, subject run at constant speed but increase grade by 1% every 2 minutes or run at fixed grade but speed change every 2 minutes

Question 10

What is a constant work exercise test

Answer 10

work rate remains fixed throughout the test
time is usually independent variable
ie. interested in monitoring HR response in subject over 30 minute exercise bout at fixed work rate

Question 11

what is steady state of physiological parameters

Answer 11

physiological parameters become stable for an extended amount of time
some exercise intensities or factors may prevent stea

Question 12

True or False all constant work rate exercise is steady state

Answer 12

false

Question 13

what is non-steady state of physiological parameters

Answer 13

whenever a parameter is systematically changing over time and always occur at the initial transition to a new work rate as it take time for physiological parameters such as HR and VO2 to reach steady state

Question 14

What is function in exercise physiology

Answer 14

WHY something happens
- HR increases to deliver more O2 to working muscle

Question 15

What is mechanism in exercise physiology

Answer 15

HOW something happens
HR increased through parasympathetic withdrawl and increased sympathetic nerve activity

Question 16

What is energy

Answer 16

the capacity to do work measured in J and cal
- humans convert PE (food) into chemical, cellular, and mechanical work

Question 17

What is mechanical work

Answer 17

Mechanical work = foce * distnace measured in J, kcal, kilopond-meters, kilogram meters

Question 18

How much work (J) does it take to lift a 10kg weight a distance of 2 meters

Answer 18

Mechanical work = force * distance
force = mass * acceleration = 10kg *9.81m/s^2 = 98.1 N
distance = 2 meters
Mechanical work = 98.1N * 2m = 196.2 J

Question 19

How much work (kgm or kpm) does it take to lift a 10kg weight a distance of 2 meters

Answer 19

mechanical energy = force * distance
force = 10kg
distance = 2m
1kgm=1kpm
mechanical energy = 10kg *2 meters = 2kgm = 20 kpm

Question 20

What is power and what is the equation associated with it and units

Answer 20

Power = work rate = work (J) / time (sec)
measured in Watts, kcal/min, kgm/min

Question 21

How much power (W) does it take to perform 20,000 joules of work in 60 seconds

Answer 21

Power = work / time
time = 60 seconds
Work = 20,000 J
1 watt = 1J/s
power = 20,000J/60 sec =333.33 J/s = 333.33 W

Question 22

A stationary cycle allows accurate measurement of what?

Answer 22

accurate measurement of work performed; friction based; 6 m/rev

Question 23

Using 1.5kg (14.7N) resistance, 6m/rev, and 60 rev/min for 10 minutes of exercise determine total work and total power

Answer 23

Total Work: force * distance
14.7 N * (6m/rev * 60 rev/min * 10 minutes) = 52,920 J total work
OR 1.5kg * (6m/rev * 60 rev/min * 10 minutes) = 5400 kgm

Total Power: work / time
52,920 J / (10 minutes * 60 seconds) = 88.2 watts OR
5400 kgm / (10 minutes) = 540 kgm/min * (1W / 6kgm/min) = 90 W

Question 24

How to quanitfy work on a treadmill

Answer 24

not easy to quantify work when treadmill is horizontal
work can be quantified with slope (% grade)

Question 25

Ex. 60kg (588.6N) subject, 200m/min, 7.5% grade for 10 minutes Find work and power

Answer 25

Total Work: force * distance (vertical
588.6 N * (200m/min * 0.075 * 10 minutes) = 88290 J

Total Power: Work / time
88290 J / (60 seconds* 10 minutes) = 147.15 W

Question 26

Oxygen consumption will always be expressed as what

Answer 26

expressed as a rate
VO2 = rate of oxygen consumption

Question 27

What is the graded exercise test (GXT)

Answer 27

in GXT work rate is changing and is often the independent variable
dependent variable is usually VO2 and work rate is independent variable (x-axis)
VO2 max occurs at last point that VO2 increases and then plateaus

Question 28

What is the contant work rate exercise test

Answer 28

when work rate is constant == time is usually independent variable
- when work is constant

Question 29

What is the resting rate of oxygen consumption parameters for relative and absolute

Answer 29

absolute: 0.25 L/min
relative: 3.5 mL/kg/min

Question 30

What is the peak power output on the bicycle parameters for relative and absolute

Answer 30

absolute: 1000 W
Relative: 12.0 W/kg

Question 31

what is a relative value

Answer 31

adjusting the value to a common scale (body mass)

Question 32

Which athlete has a greater aerobic capacity
1. 100kg athlete with absolute: VO2max = 5.0 L/min
2. 50kg athlete with absolute: VO2max = 3.0 L/min

Answer 32

1. 5L /min * 1000ml/L * 100kg = 50mL/kgmin
   2 3L/min * 1000ml/L * 50kg = 60mL/kgmin

Question 33

what are the units for relative oxygen consumption

Answer 33

ml/kg/min = ml/min/kg= mlkg-1min-1

Question 34

What are the absolute vs relative intensity of power output

Answer 34

absolute: 100W or 150 beat/min
relative: 50%peak power or 50% max HR

Question 35

Who is exercising at a greater relative intensity
1. 85 year old male: Max HR = 150beats/min
2. 40 year old male: Max HR = 180 beats/min
both are told to exercise at 140 beats/min

Answer 35

the 85 year old male because his relative intensity would be 140bpm/150 bpm = 93% of max HR which is higher tthan the 40 year old male who’s relative intentisty is 140/180 = 78% of max HR

Question 36

Do people with higher or lower VO2 max (%) have a higher blood lactate

Answer 36

people with lower VO2 max (%)

Question 37

A (1) Watt is equal to how many kpm/min

Answer 37

about 6kpm/min

Question 38

In a graded exercise test what are the usual dependent and independent variables

Answer 38

work rate = independent variable (x-axis)

VO2 = dependent variable (y-axis)

Question 39

what is the independent variable in a constant work rate exercise test

Answer 39

time

Question 40

%VO2 max is what type of power

Answer 40

relative aerobic power