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Exercise Physiology Lab > lab 10 > Flashcards

lab 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the partial pressure of inspired oxygen (PiO2) if the barometric pressure is lower

A

reduced partial pressure of inspired oxygen

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2
Q

Hypoxia is associated with what exposure and what is the name for it?

A

associated with terrestrial altitude exposure called hypobaric hypoxia

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3
Q

what happens that enables us to successfully tolerate altitudes that would cause major problems acutely

A

physiological adaptations –> acclimatization

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3
Q

What is the percentage of oxygen in ambient air? is this effected with altitude

A

20.93% ALWAYS and not effectitude by altitutde

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4
Q

What are the responses with acute exposure to Boulder’s altitude

A

some physiological responses but magnitude of response is much less than compared to a higher altitude (pikes peak or mt. everest)

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5
Q

How do you calculate PiO2 and what are the individual factors

A

PiO2 = (Pb - PH2O) (% oxygen as decimal)

Pb = barometric pressure dependent on altitude
PH2O = 47mmHg, independent of altitude
percent of O2 in the environment = 20.93%, independent of altitude (unless told given 100% O2)

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6
Q

How does an acute reduction in PiO2 affect oxygen levels in the blood

A

Reduced PiO2 leads a decrease in alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (PAO2) –> reduction in partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2)

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7
Q

What is PaO2

A

major determinant of arteral hemoglobin O2 saturation (SaO2)

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8
Q

Explains what happens in the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve

A

curve is sigmoidal
* near top of curve small changes in PaO2 ahve minimal effect on SaO2
* PaO2 falls to steeper part of curve, sm. changes in PaO2 have large effects on SaO2

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9
Q

What is the symbol for arterial oxygen content

A

CaO2

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10
Q

arterial oxygen content is determined by what 3 parameters

A
  1. hemoglobin concentration
  2. SaO2
  3. amount of O2 dissolved in plasma
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10
Q

How does PaO2 influence SaO2 and determines what

A

influences SaO2 and determines the amount of O2 dissolved in the plasma

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11
Q

Is there more mL of O2 per liter of arterial blood dissolved in plasma or bound to hemoglobin

A
  • ~3mL of O2 dissolved in plasma
  • ~197mL O2 per L of bound to hemoglobin
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12
Q

What occurs physiologially in response a decrease in PaO2, SaO2, and CaO2

A

response in cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systems –> influence substrate utilization

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13
Q

What is reduced with actue altutitude exposure and reduction gets greater at higher elevations

A

VO2max

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14
Q

How is VO2 effected between trained and untrained undividuals at higher altitudes

A

VO2 is lower for trained individuals than untrained at higher altitudes becasue their SV is greater –> less pulmonary capillary time –> less oxygenation consumption

15
Q

Explain how acute altitude exposure effects resting HR? how is maxHR effected

A

increase in resting HR and elevation in any HR at given submax power output
* HRmax is unaltered

16
Q

What are the primary factors in teh blood influencing ventilation rate

A

PaCO2 and arterial pH

17
Q

What part of the body responds to low PaO2 and plays a dominant role in ventilation response to hypoxia

A

peripheral chemoreceptors in the aorta and corotid bodies

18
Q

the fall in PaO2 at altitude does what to ventilation at rest and other workloads

A

fall in PaO2 increases ventilation at rest and all workloads compared to sea leave

19
Q

acscent to high altitude increases what type of substrate utilization during absolute submax exercise intensities

A

increases in CHO utilization

20
Q

What happens to MAP with acute altitude response

A

MAP decreases slightly with acute altitude response

21
Q

Why does MAP decrease in altitude

A
  • increase in SNS activity w/ acute altitude exposure –> peripheral vasoconstriction
  • small reductions in total peripheral resistance and BP
22
Q

What is an important principle in understanding altitude with different people

A

there is large variability in the magnitude of physiological responses
* large differences in SaO2

23
Q

What happens to the percent of oxygen in ambient air when going to altitude

A

constant regardless of altitude

  • unless given artifiical gas mixture in lab setting
24
Q

what is normobaric hypoxia

A

when the percentage of O2 can be artifically modified by providing subjects with a hypoxic (<20.93%) gas mixture in the lab
* pressure is normal but the PiO2 is reduced due to artifiicl reduction in the percentage of inspired O2

25
Q

What is:
* PaO2
* SaO2
* CaO2

A
  • PaO2 = partial pressure of oxygen
  • SaO2 = arterial oxygen saturation
  • CaO2 = arterial oxygen content (number of O2 molecules in the arterial blood)
26
Q

What decreases in relation to oxygen in the atmosphere at altitude

A

partial pressure of oxygen PO2 (mmHg) in the air decreases

27
Q

What is PiO2

A

partial pressure of inspaired air

28
Q

how does lower barometric pressure effect PiO2

A

reduces the PiO2

29
Q

Explain the complete oxygen transport cascade

A
  • atmospheric air -(goes into lungs b/c lower PP)-> airway gas (dilution by CO2
  • airway gas transported to alveolar gas because of diffusion b/c alveoli are at a lower partial pressure
  • alveolar gas gets transported to endcapillary blood because lower partail pressure (venous mixture)
  • endcapillary blood gets moved to artierl blood
  • arterial blood through diffusion goes to the tissue that has a lower partial pressure of oxygen
  • in the tissue oxygen is transported to the mitochondria where they have the lowest. partial pressure of oxygen
30
Q

reduced PiO2 leads to a decrease in ___ which leads to a reduction in ___

A

reduced PiO2 leads to a decrease in __alveolar partial pressure (PAO2)__ which leads to a reduction in __partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2)_

31
Q

What is the physiological response in saturation with acute altitude response

A

decreases arterial oxygen aturation
* sigmoidal curve shifts left?

32
Q

Explain what the pathway is starting with acute hypoxia to 4 major factors from more epinephrine released

A

Acute Hypoxia –> decreased PiO2 –> decreased PaO2 –> adrenals impacted –> increased release of epinephrine

  1. increased HR, increased SV, increased cardiac output
  2. change in substrate metabolism (CHO, fat)
  3. increase vasodilation –> slight decrease in MAP
  4. increase resting metabolic rate
33
Q

how are the Tvent and LT shifted due to hypoxic conditions

A

leftward shift becuase reached at a lower absolute workload

34
Q

Explain the two conditions in which you can stimulate altitude in the laboratory

A
  1. hypobaric hypoxia: reduce pressure in hypobaric chamber
  2. normobaric hypoxia: reduce fraction of oxygen in the inspired gas

Exercise Physiology Lab (12 decks)

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