ENT

Question 1

Risk factors for ROP

Answer 1

Pre-natal like low birth weights, preterm, postnatal like exposure to oxygen, postnatal weight gain

Question 2

Average palatal index in neonates

Answer 2

0.3

Question 3

Most common cause of asymmetric crying facies

Answer 3

Hypoplasia of depressor anguli oris muscle

Question 4

Single risk factor that can cause ROp in preterm newborns in the absence of other anomalies is

Answer 4

Abnormal oxygen environment

Question 5

Which syndrome is associated with upper eyelid coloboma ?

Answer 5

Goldenhar goloboma

Question 6

What needs to happen before cochlear implants are placed ?

Answer 6

Trial period with hearing aids to determine potential benefit

Question 7

If you receive bevacizumab for ROP, what is the follow up rec ?

Answer 7

Close follow up between 45-55 weeks PMA and continued exam to at least 65 weeks PMA

Question 8

The cystic form of lymphangioma of macro cystic dilatations is most often localized in the region of the ?

Answer 8

Head and neck

Question 9

Vascular malformations that are present at birth may enlarge suddenly if there is what?

Answer 9

Hemorrhage or thrombosis and result in acute respiratory distress

Question 10

When do babies need one week ROP follow up?

Answer 10

the highest risk eyes need one week: retinal vessels extending only into zone one, eyes that have low stage ROp in zone 1, or eyes with any stage 3 ROP

Question 11

What nutritional preventative measure has been shown to be comparable to anti VEGF in reducing neovascularization?

Answer 11

Omega 3 fatty acids (in mice)

Question 12

Tell tale skill set deficiency associated with cognitive visual dysfunction (CVD) is what

Answer 12

Difficulty establishing the correct pencil grip

Question 13

What type of embryonic cells migrate from the anterior skull base to form the bony cartilage skull base and nasal vaults ?

Answer 13

Neural crest cells

Question 14

Stages of ROP

Answer 14

1- flat line or demarcation between vascular and avascular retina
2- line becomes ridge, vessels still within retina
3- neovascularization in ridge and vascularization beyond retina
4- partial retinal detachment
5- complete detachment

Question 15

One of the most common nasal masses is a x cyst which may have no effect on nasal breathing unless an intranasal component is present

Answer 15

Dermoid

Question 16

When is ablative therapy considered for ROP?

Answer 16

Type 1 ROP:
ZONE 1, stage 3 or with plus
Zone 2, stage 2 or 3 with plus

Question 17

The nasal maldevelopment most likely to be associated with holoprosencephaly is

Answer 17

Pyriform aperture stenosis

Question 18

Which gene accounts for up to 50 percent of cases of non syndromic sensory neural hearing loss ?

Answer 18

GJB2 grandad James Bond is deaf

Question 19

At what GA does the vaso proliferative stage of ROP happen?

Answer 19

36-38 weeks

Question 20

Charge syndrome stands for

Answer 20

Coloboma or cranial nerve deficits
Heart defects
Atresia of choanae
Retardation of growth and development
GU anomalies
Ear malformations and hearing loss

Question 21

What’s the data comparing laser to becluzimab for ROP?

Answer 21

I-higher mortality for med so need more safety and efficacy trials

Question 22

Which nasal cyst may contain hair follicles and sebaceous glands ?

Answer 22

Dermoid cyst

Question 23

The pupillary light response is first evident at what GA?

Answer 23

31 weeks

Question 24

The most common cause of unilateral vocal cord paralysis is

Answer 24

Cardiac surgery

Question 25

The last post menstrual age to assess retinal vascularization in the absence of ROP is

Answer 25

45 weeks

Question 26

What is the mechanism of hearing loss in that related to mitochondrial mutations and aminoglycosides?

Answer 26

The antibiotic inhibits mitochondrial protein synthesis resulting in less ATP in cochlear cells

Question 27

What are the two most common risk factors for nasal deviation after vaginal delivery?

Answer 27

Increased birth weight and primigravity

Question 28

Dark spots in both eyes during routine red reflex exam?

Answer 28

Congenital cataracts. It’s dark in catarata del iguazu

Question 29

The only oral muscle innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve

Answer 29

Platysma

Question 30

Most common cause of bilateral vocal cord paralysis

Answer 30

Idiopathic vocal cord adductor muscle hyperactivity

Question 31

Which growth factor is part of the algorithm to predict ROP threshold?

Answer 31

Insulin like growth factor

Question 32

Percentage of cleft lip with or without cleft palate detected prenatal via US is

Answer 32

30%