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4 Cancer > infectious agents and oral cancer > Flashcards

infectious agents and oral cancer Flashcards

1
Q

which subtype of HPV affects the oral mucosa?

A

beta

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2
Q

what is the most common tumour from HPV?

A

benign papilloma’s
caused by direct contact
mostly asymptomatic unless large

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3
Q

what are the higher risk types of HPV associated with mouth cancer?

A

HPV 16
HPV 18

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4
Q

what types of HPV are not associated with malignancy?

A

low risk types

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5
Q

oncogenic property of HPV
? binds to ? and marks it for destruction by the ?
? binds and inactivates tumour suppressor gene product, ?
Means cells continue to ?

A

E6
p53
ubiquitin pathway
E7
retinoblastoma protein pRB
proliferate

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6
Q

HPV infection
HPV molecule binds to ??? on cell surface

it is ? becoming an ? then ??

Virus ? and ?? complexed with ? is released

??? traffics through the cytoplasm and enters the nucleus

Whole process takes ?

Once in nucleus it complexes with ? and ? begins

A

heparin suphate proteoglycan
endocytosed
endosome
late endosome
uncoats
viral genome
L2
L2 genome complex
24hrs
ND10
RNA transcription

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7
Q

name 2 benign oral HPV lesions (low risk HPV types)

A

papilloma
condylomata

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8
Q

what is a common location for a papilloma?

A

soft palate caused by sexual contact

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9
Q

what is the treatment for a papilloma?

A

excision

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10
Q

condylomata tends to be seen clinically in what?

A

multiples

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11
Q

condylomata is spread through what?

A

sexual contact

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12
Q

what is the treatment for condylomata?

A

excision

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13
Q

what is the type of cancer associated with high risk types of HPV?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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14
Q

what are the symptoms of a squamous cell carcinoma?

A

generally asymptomatic

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15
Q

what is a high risk site in the mouth for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Lingual gutter as saliva naturally pools here so carcinogens can sit in direct contact with the mucosa

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16
Q

define exophytic

A

tumour grows outwards

17
Q

define endophytic

A

tumour invading the underlying structures

18
Q

if a tumour is described as indurated, what does this mean?

A

tumour feels hard and rubbery to touch

19
Q

name 2 risk factors for HPV

A

Number of sexual partners
Weakened immune system

20
Q

how is HPV detected?

A

Incisional biopsy with either P16 staining (dark brown) or in-situ hybridisation

21
Q

Three vaccines that cover different HPV types, 2 doses 6-12months apart. but them in order from the one that covers the least types to the most types
quadrivalen gardasil
bivalent cervarix
nonvalent gardasil

A

bivalent cervarix (least)
quadrivalent gardasil
nonvalent gardasil (most)

22
Q

the HPV vaccines are available on the NHS to whom?

A

all girls <26
gay men

23
Q

name the cancer associated with EBV

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

24
Q

what is EBV associated with? Non-malignant

A

infectious mononucleosis

25
Q

what is Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

B cell lymphoma of the nasopharynx

26
Q

how does HIV link to cancer?

A

Weakens the immune system so body is less able to fight off infections that cause cancer

27
Q

what is the treatment for HIV?

A

combination of antiviral drugs

Potential cure with stem cell transplant

28
Q

what malignant lesions are linked to HIV?

A

Kaposi sarcoma
lymphomas

29
Q

name 6 oral symptoms of HIV

A

candidiasis (fungal infection)
hairy leukoplakia
accelerated periodontal disease
Kaposi’s sarcoma
salivary gland disease
oral ulcers

30
Q

other than malignant lesions what other oral condition is common in HIV?

A

Pseudomembranous candidiasis - thrush

31
Q

Pseudomembranous candidiasis - thrush is common in what kind of patients?

A

immunocompromised

32
Q

describe the appearance of Pseudomembranous candidiasis - thrush

A

Can wipe off the white stuff leaving a red angry appearance underneath

33
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma is caused by what Herpes virus?

A

Herpes virus 8

34
Q

what are the first symptoms of Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

red, pruple or brown patches, plaques or nodules on the skin

4 Cancer (15 decks)

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