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4 Cancer > virtual microscope > Flashcards

virtual microscope Flashcards

1
Q

what tumour is the most common benign epithelial tumour found in the oral cavity? they are often pedunculatede (on a stalk) and are associated with HPV (low risk subtypes 6 and 11)

A

squamous cell papilloma

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2
Q

what is this an image of?

A

squamous cell papilloma

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3
Q

what is this zoomed in structure on a squamous cell papilloma ?

A

finger like (papillary) projections of hyperplastic reticulum

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4
Q

what does hyperplastic mean?

A

increased number of cells within a tissue or organ

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5
Q

what does the point c show on squamous cell papilloma

A

hyperkeratosis of epithelium

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6
Q

what is this structure in the middle of a papillary projection of hyperplastic reticulum from a squamous cell papilloma?

A

fibrovascular tissue forming core of finger like papillary projections

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7
Q

what structure on this squamous cell papilloma is labelled a

A

stalk

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8
Q

what do you understand about HPV and oral disease?

A

HPV is linked to benign papilloma’s, targets mucosa -> basal cells to divide
1% of HPV goes on to become malignant

Low risk HPV associated with oral squamous cell papilloma
High risk HPV associated with oropharyngeal cancers

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9
Q

what is this an image of?

A

mild dysplasia

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10
Q

what is epithelial dysplasia?

A

atypical epithelial alterations limited to the surface squamous epithelium

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11
Q

is epithelial dysplasia a malignant process?

A

no it is premalignant

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12
Q

what does this image of mild epithelial dysplasia show?

A

junction between dysplastic (left) and normal (right) epithelium

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13
Q

mild epithelial dysplasia
what is labeled?

A

hyperkeratosis of epithelium

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14
Q

define hyperkeratosis of epithelium

A

lots of keratin

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15
Q

mild epithelial dysplasia
what is labeled b?

A

basal cell hyperplasia

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16
Q

define basal cell hyperplasia

A

increase in the number of basal cells

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17
Q

mild epithelial dysplasia
describe this cell

A

mitotic figure

18
Q

define mitotic figure

A

undergoing mitosis

19
Q

mild epithelial dysplasia
what does this cell show?

A

nuclear pleomorphism

20
Q

define nuclear pleomorphism

A

variation in size and shape of nucleus

21
Q

mild epithelial dysplasia
what does this cell show?

A

prominent nucleoli

22
Q

define ulceration

A

area where the surface epithelium has been lost

23
Q

severe epithelial dysplasia
what does label c show?

A

junction between normal (below) and dysplastic (above) epithelium

24
Q

severe epithelial dysplasia
what is all this pink stuff?

A

hyperkeratosis of epithelium

25
Q

severe epithelial dysplasia
describe the cell labeled

A

mitotic figure

26
Q

severe epithelial dysplasia
describe the cells and nuclei in the image

A

nuclear and cellular pleomorphism

27
Q

define cellular pleomorphism

A

differing size and shape of cells

28
Q

severe epithelial dysplasia
describe these cells labeled

A

nuclear hyperchromatism

29
Q

define nuclear hyperchromatism

A

DNA absorbs more eosin so chromosomes appear darker

30
Q

sever epithelial dysplasia
describe the cell labeled

A

dyskeratotic cell

31
Q

define dyskeratotic cells

A

keratin in cells -> pink cells

32
Q

sever epithelial dysplasia
what does this image show?

A

an ulcer

33
Q

what does this image show?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

34
Q

how does squamous cell carcinoma differ from epithelial dysplasia?

A

in squamous cell carcinoma the atypical squamous invade the adjacent normal tissue

35
Q

squamous cell carcinoma
what does this image show?

A

atypical squamous epithelium invading underlying connective tissue

36
Q

squamous cell carcinoma
what is labeled?

A

atypical squamous epithelium infiltrating skeletal muscle

37
Q

squamous cell carcinoma
what do these darker and smaller cells represent?

A

inflammatory reaction to invasive squamous cell carcinoma

38
Q

squamous cell carcinoma
what does the label show?

A

dyskeratotic cells and keratin pearl within atypical squamous epithelium

39
Q

squamous cell carcinoma is graded based on what?

A

how well differentiated it is

40
Q

what are the grades for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

poorly differentiated
moderately differentiated
well differentiated

41
Q

what does the squamous cell carcinoma grade poorly differentiated mean?

A

doesnt look like squamous epithelium

worse prognosis

42
Q

what does the squamous cell carcinoma grade well differentiated mean?

A

looks like squamous epithelium

better prognosis

4 Cancer (15 decks)

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