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BIOL 366 > Lecture 15- Lentic Systems > Flashcards

Lecture 15- Lentic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Freshwater characteristics are determined by ______ and ______

A

-Heat budget
-Topography

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2
Q

Lakes only stratify in _____

A

Summer

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3
Q

What does topography alter?

A

Stream characteristics

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4
Q

What drives northern freshwater systems?

A

-Persistent cold temperatures
-Prolonged ice cover
-Freeze thaw cycle
-Extreme seasonality of solar radiation

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5
Q

The dates of freeze and thaw influence what?

A

-Light availability (primary productivity)
-Gas transfer
-Solute concentrations
-Heat exchange
-Mixing processes (stratification)

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6
Q

Frozen thaw cycles generally have ______ productivity

A

Low

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7
Q

Species are adapted to what?

A

-Tolerance of cold temperatures
-Rapid conversion of food to lipid storage
-Migration

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8
Q

What are the two types of freshwater systems?

A

-Lentic
-Lotic

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9
Q

What is a lentic system?

A

-Still, flat water
-Lakes, shallow open water

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10
Q

What is a lotic system?

A

-Flowing water
-Rivers, streams

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11
Q

Describe shallow open water characteristics

A

-Kettle ponds and thermokarst lakes
-Shallower than 2m deep
-Form in flat topography of tundra
-Surrounded by low tundra vegetation
-Freeze to the bottom

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12
Q

Fully freezing shallow open water limits _______

A

What biota can live in them

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13
Q

Describe some characteristics of arctic ponds

A

-Water flows between ponds only during spring thaw
-Typically have small drainage basins
-Water and sediments frozen from september to mid-june
-Ponds thaw in spring-summer
-Water temperatures remain cold but can reach 16C
-Sediments mostly organic material
-Typically boarded by grasses and sedges
-Phytoplankton and invertebrates persist in frozen sediments

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14
Q

In the winter, _______ are often cut off from surroundings by ice wedges that push up in the tundra

A

Arctic ponds

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15
Q

When do Arctic ponds get movement of water between ponds?

A

Only during spring thaw

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16
Q

The sediments in arctic ponds are composed of _______ because of ______

A

-Organic materials
-Low decomposition

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17
Q

Can anything survive in the frozen sediments of Arctic ponds?

A

Yes (phytoplankton and invertebrates)

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18
Q

Describe the Arctic pond food web

A
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19
Q

What are the two main zones in lakes?

A
  1. Photic zone
  2. Profundal zone
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20
Q

What are the zones inside the photic zone in a lake?

A
  1. Littoral zone
  2. Limnetic zone
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21
Q

What is the photic zone in a lake?

A

Area that receives sunlight

22
Q

What is the littoral zone in lakes?

A

Area that plants can root

23
Q

What is the limnetic zone in lakes?

A

Area that is too deep for plants, phytoplankton photosynthesis

24
Q

What zone is inside the profundal zone in lakes?

A

Benthic zones

25
Q

What is the benthic zone?

A

Area that does not receive sunlight

26
Q

Is there photosynthesis occurring in the profundal zones of lakes?

A

No photosynthesis

27
Q

Where do nutrients come from in profundal zones in lakes?

A

Nutrients come from detritus

28
Q

. C|
. | B A
-—————————————–
\
\ D E
\___________________________
Label the zones of a lake

A

A-Photic zone
B-Limnetic zone
C-Littoral zone
D-Benthic zone
E-Profundal zone

29
Q

What happens during spring turnover?

A

-Ice is melting
-Oxygen can enter water from air
-Winds and waves increase oxygen dissolution
-Water warms to 4C
-Dense warm water sinks to bottom and delivers oxygen to bottom of lake

30
Q

What happens when the water stops mixing?

A

Get stratification

31
Q

What are the three layers of stratification in lakes?

A
  1. Epilimnion
  2. Hypolimnion
  3. Thermocline
32
Q

What is epilimnion?

A

The top layer that remains warm

33
Q

What is hypolimnion?

A

Bottom layer that remain cool

34
Q

What is thermocline?

A

Middle layer where temperature fluctuate

35
Q

Label the stratification layers
\ A
-—————————————
\ B
-————————————
\ C
\________________________

A

A= Epilimnion
B= Thermocline
C= Hypolimnion

36
Q

Describe some characteristics of northern lakes

A

-Very weakly stratified
-Can only have one mixing period (monomictic) = takes longer to warm to 4C
-Low species diversity
-Oligotrophic
-Long period of ice cover = lower oxygen levels
-Ice can buffer organisms from colder temperatures

37
Q

What is amictic, monomictic and dimictic?

A

Amictic = No mixing (ice covered)
Monomictic = Only one mixing period
Dimictic = Two mixing periods

38
Q

What are some limiting nutrients in the north?

A

-Lake generally nitrogen or phosphorus limited
-Boreal lakes limited in phosphorus
-Arctic lakes limited in most nutrients

39
Q

Why can nitrogen be limited in the north?

A

Because it is tied to microbial activity

40
Q

What is poikilothermic?

A

Internal temperatures varying

41
Q

What are some characteristics of freshwater fish in the north?

A

-Near 0C = metabolism slows
-Some enter state of dormancy (remain suspended in water column)
-Some acclimate (change in enzyme concentration and increases red muscle)
-Lakes are cold and unproductive, therefore solution is to migrate to sea

42
Q

Why would a fish chose to migrate to northern marine systems?

A

Because northern marine systems are more productive

43
Q

What is a diadramous fish?

A

A fish that migrates from freshwater to saltwater

44
Q

What is a anadromous fish?

A

A fish that migrates from salt water to freshwater

45
Q

Migrating animals move ______ between ecosystems

A

Nutrients

46
Q

_________ = significant input of nutrients into freshwater systems

A

Anadromous salmon

47
Q

Where is Arctic Char found?

A

Hazen lake, Ellesmere island

48
Q

Arctic Char are _______ and ______

A

-Partially anadromous
-Land locked populations

49
Q

Arctic Char is important for ______ for many northern lakes

A

-Middle trophic level

50
Q

Describe the Arctic lakes food web

A

BIOL 366 (33 decks)

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