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BIOL 366 > Lecture 17- Food Webs I > Flashcards

Lecture 17- Food Webs I Flashcards

1
Q

What is a food web?

A

Collection of species present in a given space and time that are connected to each other through trophic interactions

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2
Q

Food webs are connected through _______

A

Connected through food and energy

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3
Q

A food web includes ____ and ____ interactions

A
  • Direct
  • Indirect
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4
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A simpler view that follows one pathway of energy

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5
Q

What is food web structure?

A

The number and types of species within the food web

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6
Q

What is the functional group?

A

Species with the same predator, food, role and fill the same ecological food niche

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6
Q

What is food web function?

A

The ways in which species interact with each other

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7
Q

Functioning describes ______

A

The transfer of energy through the structure of the web

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8
Q

What is a trophic level?

A

Position in the food chain

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9
Q

Trophic levels are determined by _______

A

The number of energy transfer steps to that level

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10
Q

What are the 4 first trophic levels?

A
  1. Primary producer
  2. Primary consumer
  3. Secondary consumer
  4. Tertiary consumer
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11
Q

What makes primary producers special?

A

They make food through a chemical pathway not through the consumption of another organism

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12
Q

What are the two types of primary consumers?

A
  1. Plants = photosynthesis
  2. Chemoautotrophs = create energy by breaking down other organic compounds
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13
Q

Have _____ chains in the north because ______

A
  • Short
  • Not as many species present
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14
Q

What is the definition of an ecosystem?

A

Interactions between organisms and their environments as an integrated system

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15
Q

What two components influence ecosystems?

A
  1. Biotic (plants, herbivores, predators)
  2. Abiotic (climate, water, precipitation, sunlight)
16
Q

At each stage of a food chain ______ is lost

A

Energy

17
Q

What limits the number of trophic levels you can have?

A

The loss of energy at each level

18
Q

The one that eats the ______ gets the most energy

A

Primary producer

19
Q

What are the two types of pathways?

A
  1. Grazing pathway
  2. Detrital pathway
20
Q

What is the difference between a grazing pathway and a detrital pathway?

A
  • Grazing = based on living plant material
  • Detrital = based on the breakdown of dead or decomposing organic matter
21
Q

Who is the primary producer in the grazing pathway?

A

The primary producers are the ones producing sugars and other things from a chemical pathway then its eaten by a primary consumer

22
Q

Who is the primary producer in the detrital pathway?

A

Its the dead stuff and the primary consumer eats it

23
Q

How can the grazing and the detrital pathway be connected?

A
24
Q

What parts of the highly seasonal environment in the north influence their food web?

A
  • Temperature drives what species can grow
  • Photoperiod drives the ability of primary producers
  • Species assemblage like hibernation or migration could remove them from the web
  • Habitat availability, like what time of the year is it present
25
Q

Northern food webs have ____ diversity and ____ food webs

A
  • Low
  • Simple
26
Q

Northern species have grown ____ diets because ___

A
  • Specialized
  • limited choices in food
27
Q

Northern species show high degree of ______

A

Specialization

28
Q

What is the dietary niche?

A

Number of available resources will incluence them if a species is a generalist or a specialist

29
Q

What is a generalist?

A

Can live in a variety of habitats and has a varied diet

30
Q

What is one downfall of generalist?

A

Can have lots of competition with other species over resources

31
Q

What is a specialist?

A

Has a stricter habitat requirement and has a limited diet

32
Q

What is a positive and a negative to specialists?

A
  • Pos = The have reduced competition
  • Neg = Sensitive to disturbances
33
Q

What is a niche breadth?

A

Range of resources an animal can use

34
Q

What is the difference in niche breadth of a specialist and a generalist?

A

The generalist has a large niche breath but the specialist has a small niche breadth

35
Q

What determines the dietary niche?

A
  • Degree of competition
  • Resource availability
36
Q

What is difference in the north and the tropics in relation to the mechanism driving resource partitioning?

A
  • North = Limited resource
  • Tropics = Competition
37
Q

What happened to the wolves of Ellesmere island when abiotic conditions had change?

A
  • Early summer snow covered vegetation
  • This reduced the replenishment period of herbivores
  • Saw declines in abundance of muskoxen and arctic hares
  • Saw no wolves, no resident wolves on Ellesmere island for a few years

BIOL 366 (33 decks)

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