Cells and Basic Tissues Flashcards
Describe the general functions of human body cells?
Nerve cells = communication.
Epithelial cells = lining of organs.
RBC + cartilage cells = connect other tissues.
Muscle cells = contractile protein –> movement.
Describe the basic components of a typical cell - nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane?
Nucleus:
DNA = control cellular activity:
Cytoplasm:
Consists all cellular components between nucleus and plasma membrane.
Plasma Membrane:
Separates internal component from external environment).
Describe the structure and basic functions of the main components of a typical cell - nucleus?
Nucleolus:
Producing the subunits forming ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Nucleus Envelope:
Controls materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm via nuclear pores.
Chromatin:
Uncoiled strands of DNA in the nucleus.
Describe the structure and basic functions of the main components of a typical cell - cytoplasm?
Organelles:
Forms the metabolic machinery of the cell. Mitochondria (powerhouse), golgi apparatus (traffic director).
Cytosol:
A viscous fluid medium containing other cytoplasmic elements.
Inclusions:
Small substances found in some cells (pigment melanin in some skin cells).
Describe the structure and basic functions of the main components of a typical cell - plasma membrane?
Role: Communication (signalling molecules) & movement of substances in/out of the cell.
Describe the major cell surface specialisations - microvilli, stereocilia, cilia and flagella?
Microvilli:
Increase the surface area for absorption and secretion (e.g intestine).
Stereocilia:
Elongated microvilli on the surface of cells lining the sensory cells and inner ear.
Cilia:
Move substances along a surface (supports self cleaning of the respiratory tract).
Flagella
Found on sperm cells to support motility.
Describe four basic tissue types and provide examples of where each can be found in the body - nervous tissue?
Function:
Form boundaries between different environments, protect, secrete, absorb and filter.
Location:
Brain, spinal cord, nerves.
Describe four basic tissue types and provide examples of where each can be found in the body - epithelial tissue?
Function:
Regulates body function (nervous impulses).
Location:
Epidermis, lining of hollow organs (GI tract).
Describe four basic tissue types and provide examples of where each can be found in the body - connective tissue?
Function:
Supports, protects and binds other tissues together.
Location:
Bones, tendons, fat, other soft padding tissue.
Describe four basic tissue types and provide examples of where each can be found in the body - muscle tissue?
Function:
Responsible for body movement.
Location:
Skeletal = muscle-bone
Cardiac = heart muscles
Smooth = walls of hollow organs
