Muscular System 1 - Introduction

Question 1

Describe the functions of the muscular body system

P
M
F
S
P
F
G

Answer 1

Produce movement
Maintain posture and body position
Stabilise joints
Help blood flow
Protect underlying structures
Form body walls
Generate heat

Question 2

What are the special characteristics of muscle tissue?

Answer 2

Excitable
Contractible
Extensible
Elastic

Question 3

Why are skeletal muscles considered organs?

Answer 3

Muscles are composed of muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue and nervous tissue.

Question 4

What does the gross anatomy of a skeletal muscle involve?

Answer 4

A typical skeletal muscle has a muscle belly (contractile portion) and tendons that attach it to the bone at points that are called attachments, or origins and insertions.

Question 5

Label the gross anatomy of a skeletal muscle?

Answer 5

Question 6

What is an Aponeurosis and where are they found?

Answer 6

1. An aponeurosis is a flattened muscle tendon where muscle attaches to a bone or fascia.
2. Found in flat-shaped muscles.

Question 7

What is fascia?

Answer 7

Fascia is a thin layer of connective tissue outside the epimysium that surrounds individual muscles.

Question 8

What are the roles of fascia?

Answer 8

1. Separates and groups individual muscles.
2. Transmits mechanical tension generated by muscles.
3. Attaches and stabilise muscles.
4. Reduces friction between muscles.

Question 9

Label the fascial layers on the cross-section of the arm?

Answer 9

Question 10

Identify the different types of Fascicle arrangement and examples of muscles associated with them?

Answer 10

Question 11

What supplies and signals muscle fibre?

Answer 11

The axon branch of a somatic motor neuron supplies every muscle fibre in a skeletal system & it signals the fibre to contract.

Question 12

Define the motor unit?

Answer 12

The functional unit of a muscle.

Question 13

What does a motor unit consist of?

Answer 13

1. A motor neuron.
2. All muscle fibers it controls.

Question 14

Label this motor unit?

Answer 14

Question 15

Define the origin and insertion of a skeletal muscle?

Answer 15

Origin:
The end of the muscle attached to the bone being pulled during muscular contraction.
***Usually the proximal attachment.

Insertion:
The end of the muscle attached to a fixed, or stabilised bone.
***Usually the distal attachment.

Question 16

Define the types of muscle contraction?

Answer 16

Isotonic:
When a muscle changes its length and produces movement.

Isometric:
When there is no change in the length of a muscle and no movement occurs.

Question 17

Define the types of muscle actions?

Answer 17

Primer Mover (Agonist):
The main muscle contracting concentrically at a given joint.

Synergist:
1. A synergist compliments the action of an agonist (directly).
2. Synergistic muscles can also prevent unwanted movements from occurring (indirectly).

Antagonist:
Opposes the action of a prime mover and therefore undergoes eccentric contraction.

Fixator:
Steadies the proximal parts of a limb through isometric contraction while movements occur in the limb’s distal parts.

Question 18

Explain the criteria used in naming skeletal muscles?

Answer 18

Question 19

Explain the table used in naming skeletal muscles?

Answer 19

Question 20

Explain the table used in naming skeletal muscles?

Answer 20