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Introduction to Anatomy > Nervous System 2 - Brain Part 1 > Flashcards

Nervous System 2 - Brain Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the major parts of the brain?

A
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2
Q

Identify the parts of the brain?

A
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3
Q

What is gray matter’s critical role and where is it located in the brain?

A

Role:
Information processing.

Location:
- The cerebral cortex.
- Deep in the brain, there are groups of gray matter called nuclei.

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4
Q

What is white matter’s critical role and what is it composed of?

A

Role:
Connects and facilitate communication between different parts of the brain.

Composed of:
Myelinated axons (very fine electrical wires that are exceptionally well insulated so they don’t lose speed of conduction).

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5
Q

Label the coronal section of the brain?

A
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6
Q

Identify the highlighted part of the cerebrum?

A
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7
Q

Identify the lobes of the brain and include the function each lobe is responsible for?

A
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8
Q

Identify the functional areas of the cerebral cortex?

A
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9
Q

Define gyri & sulci and explain what is important about them?

A

Gyri = folds/ridges.
Sulci = shallow depressions between folds

Importance:
They demarcate special regions of the brain and lobes respectively.

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10
Q

Identify the sulci and gyri that differentiate the lobes of the brain?

A
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11
Q

What is the function of gyri?

A

To significantly increase the surface area of the brain.

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12
Q

Identify the lobes, gyris and sulci of the brain?

A
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13
Q

Describe the role of the 4 main gyri?

PG
PG

A

Precentral Gyrus:
This is the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex controlling voluntary movements.

Postcentral Gyrus:
This is the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex receiving and processing all somatosensory information (touch, nociception, temperature, proprioception).

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14
Q

Describe the role of the 4 main gyri?

STG
IFG

A

Superior Temporal Gyrus:
This contains the Wernicke’s area which allows us to interpret language by recognising speech.

Inferior Frontal Gyrus:
Broca’s area, critical for speech production, is located in this gyrus.

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15
Q

What is the importance of homunculus?

A

In neuroanatomy, the cortical homunculus represents either the motor or the sensory distribution along the cerebral cortex of the brain.

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16
Q

Identify the parts of the cerebellum?

A
17
Q

Explain the functions of the cerebellum?

A

Motor control of movement:
Co-ordinating and fine-tuning every day or gross complex movements.

Balance and co-ordination:
Integrating information from your inner ear, joints and muscles to maintain balance and posture.

Cognitive functions:
Role in language processing, attention and memory.

18
Q

Identify parts of the cerebellum from an anterior view?

A
19
Q

Identify parts of the cerebellum from a superior view?

A
20
Q

Identify the fissures & lobes of the cerebellum?

A
21
Q

What is the outer layer of grey matter called in the cerebellum & what is its appearance?

A

Cerebellar cortex (like cerebral cortex).

Appearance:
Folded into folia (thin leaf like structure).

22
Q

What is the white matter deep to the grey matter called in the cerebellum & what is its appearance?

A

Arbor vitae (like white matter of cerebrum).

Appearance:
It has a branched, tree-like appearance.

23
Q

What are the masses of grey matter deep within the white matter called?

A

The cerebellar nuclei (like basal nuclei of cerebrum).

24
Q

Identify the midsagittal section of the cerebellum?

A
25
Q

Explain how the neural tube forms?

A
  1. Ectoderm (outer tissue layer) thickens and forms a neural plate.
  2. Plate begins to fall inward, forming a groove called the neural groove.
  3. Neural folds begin to fold inwards eventually forming the neural tube (becomes the brain and spinal cord).
26
Q

Understand the basic embryonic development of the brain?

A
27
Q

Identify the parts of the brain?

A
28
Q

Label the pyramids, decussation of pyramids and olives of the brainstem?

A
29
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

What do the nuclei in the midbrain control?

A

Regulates breathing, heart rate and consciousness.

Control visual and auditory reflexes, eye movements, and coordination of movements.

30
Q

What is the function of the pons?

What do the nuclei in the pons control?

A

Facilitates communication between the cerebrum and cerebellum.

Regulating sleep, respiration, and facial movements.

31
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

What do the nuclei in the medulla oblongata control?

A

Controls essential functions (e.g. breathing, heart rate, blood pressure) & reflexes such as swallowing, coughing, and vomiting.

Responsible for relaying sensory and motor information between the brain and spinal cord.

32
Q

Identify the 3 parts of the diencephalon?

What is the role of the diencephalon?

A

Sensory processing, homeostasis, and the regulation of various physiological functions within the body.

33
Q

What is the thalamus and hypothalamus responsible for?

A

Thalamus:
Relaying sensory impulses & maintenance of consciousness.
Hypothalamus:

Regulates vital functions (temperature, thirst, hunger and circadian rhythms) & controls our body’s hormones through the endocrine system.

34
Q

What are the 2 parts of the epithalamus and what are their functions:

A

Pineal gland:
Secretes melatonin, which promotes sleepiness and sets the body’s sleep-wake cycles.

Habenula:
Regulating mood, reward processing, and stress responses, as well as a role in olfaction (smell).

35
Q

Identify the parts of the limbic system?

Explain the functions of each part in the lymbic system?

A

Hippocampus = memory function and spatial navigation.
Amygdala = regulates emotions relative to survival and threat (e.g anger).
Thalamus = relay sensory and motor information to cerebral cortex.
Hypothalamus = maintain homeostasis in the body.
Basal ganglia = regulates voluntary motor control.
Limbic lobe = integrates emotions, memories and behaviours.

36
Q

Define the glossary terms?

A

Introduction to Anatomy (41 decks)

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