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PARASIT > blood and tissue nematode] > Flashcards

blood and tissue nematode] Flashcards

1
Q

BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMTODES distinguishing charac is towards the?

A

Tail

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2
Q

BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMTODES vectors are?

A

Blood Sucking arthropods

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3
Q

are very important because it is where the
stage of the parasites developed to another stage

A

vectors

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4
Q

BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMTODES infective stage to man?

A

3rd stage larva/ filariform larva

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5
Q

infective stage to insect vector?

A

Microfilariae

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6
Q

Pathogenic stage to man:

A

adult worms

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7
Q

Diagnostic stages:
Microfilariae:

A

blood

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8
Q

Diagnostic stages:
Adult Larvae:

A

Lymphatic

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9
Q

adult male morphology of blood and tissue nematodes?

A

Adult- threadlike, creamy, white, varies in length

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10
Q

Adult male blood and tissue nematodes doesnt have?

A

Cardiac Valve

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11
Q

Blood and tissue nematode adult has ______ buccal cavity?

A

inconspicuous

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12
Q

Blood and tissue nematode adult has ______ esophagus?

A

Cylindrical

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13
Q

stage? snake-like with a column of cells in the
anterior to the posterior portion

A

larval stage

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14
Q

this stage develops inside the vectors?

A

Larval stage

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15
Q

embryos produced by
filarial worms usually found in the blood or tissues
of patients with filariasis,

A

microfilarae/microfilaria

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15
Q

aka pre larval stage

A

microfilaria

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16
Q

stage that is highly motile and threadlike/snake like

A

Microfilaria

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17
Q

stage that is Slender, may range from the size of 150
um to 350 um

A

microfilatria

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18
Q

Location of Microfilariae in man:

A

peripheral blood and lymph spaces of the skin

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19
Q

a thin, translucent egg shell remnant covering the body of the
microfilaria and past the head and tail

A

Sheath

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20
Q

Biologic adaptation of the parasite to the time of maximum
biting activity of the vector

A

Periodicity

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21
Q

A phenomenon whereby a parasite present in the blood
stream during the specific period of time

A

periodicity

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22
Q

Helpful in selecting the appropriate time, or very important
because, it is a means of selecting the appropriate time for
specimen collection

A

periodicity

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23
Q

why is periodicity important?

A

because there is a rhythmical appearance of microfilariae of peripheral blood

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24
Q

periodicity: occuring at night

A

Nocturnal

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25
Q

Nocturnal time?

A

10pm to 2am

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26
Q

Periodicity: occuring during the day

A

Diurnal

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27
Q

Diurnal periodicity time?

A

10am to 2 pm

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28
Q

timing of occurrences but not clear cut unlike periodic;

A

subperiodic

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29
Q

connected to vector breeding schedule

A

subperiodic

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30
Q

periodicity: peak count during nighttime

A

Nocturnally

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31
Q

periodicity: peak count during daytime

A

Diurnally

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32
Q

during nighttime and daytime

A

NON-PERIODIC:

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33
Q

The distribution of nuclei within the tip of the tail as well as the
presence/absence of a delicate transparent membrane called
sheath.

A

sheated microfilarae

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34
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti common name

A

Bancroft’s filarial worm

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35
Q

disease of W.b?

A

Bancroftian filariasis, elephantiasis of LOWER
extremities, lymphatics of scrotum; wuchereriasis

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36
Q

periodicity of W.b?

A

Nocturnal

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37
Q

W.b affects the _____ lymphatics

A

lower

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38
Q

parasite? creamy, white, long and filariform in shape
and usually ssume thread-like appearance

A

W.b

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39
Q

W.b can be found in?

A

tropics and sub-tropic areas

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40
Q

microfilariae of W.b measures?

A

270-290 micrometers

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41
Q

In fresh specimens, they would usually appear as
minute snake-like organisms that are continuously
/ constantly moving among RBC

A

W.b microfilariae

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42
Q

W.b microfilariae is enclosed in ____ sheath?

A

Hyaline

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43
Q

what is the distinguising charac of W.b?

A

Numerous nuclei in the body but NOT at the posterior or tail end part

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44
Q

W.b cephalic/anterior part is?

A

blunt and round

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45
Q

W.b posterior or tail part is?

A

culminate or ends in a point the is FREE of nuclei

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46
Q

laboratory
diagnostic method of choice of W.b?

A

Fresh Giemsa Stained Blood

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47
Q

A more sensitive method of W.b microfilariae recovery is?

A

filtering heparinized blood through a special filter,

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48
Q

special filter paper for W.b?

A

nuclepore filter

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49
Q

W.b light infection may be diagnosed by

A

knott technique

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50
Q

knott technique solution

A

g 1mL
of blood in 10mL of 2% solution of Formalin

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51
Q

The peak hours for W. bancrofti are____ which correlates with the appearance of its vector

A

9pm - 4am

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52
Q

They are more prevalent in the mid-afternoon.

A

W.b

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53
Q

serologic test for W.b?

A

Antigen and Antibody detection

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54
Q

in endemic areas what serves as the primary means for diagnosis of W.b?

A

Clinical symptoms and patient history

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55
Q

common name of Brugia malayi?

A

Malayan Filaria

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56
Q

This affects the upper lympathics;

A

B. malayi

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57
Q

B. malayi affect ___ lymphatics?

A

Upper

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58
Q

B.m periodicity?

A

Nocturnal

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59
Q

where can you find B.m?

A

Eastern Asia, Southwestern Pacific Islands, parts of
India

o Brugia timori (island of Timor)

60
Q

For the adult femals of B. malayi and W. bancrofti,
they are?

A

undistinguishable

61
Q

This organism like W. bancrofti also possesses a
sheath, a rounded anterior end with numerous
nuclei.

A

B. malayi

62
Q

distinguishing charac of B.m?

A

two distinct nuclei at the tip of its somewhat
pointed tail.

63
Q

microfilarie of?? They are enclosed in a sheath and this has angular
curvatures with secondary kinks and 2 nuclei at the
tip of the tail.

A

B. malayi

64
Q

serves as the best method for diagnosis of B.m

A

stained blood
films

65
Q

This parasit has migrating larva

A

loa loa

66
Q

loa loa is also known as?

A

African Eye Worm

67
Q

The diseases associated with loa loa are

A

loaiasis

68
Q

loa loa is found in?

A

Tropical part of Africa

69
Q

loa loa means

A

worm worm

70
Q

loa loa is commonly known as ____ as it is found in the _____ of the eyes

A

Eye Worm; Conjunctiva

71
Q

Infection with parasite can also result to repeated episodes of
itchiness and swelling in the body known as

A

loa loa; Calabar Swelling

72
Q

loa loa can be found in what part of the body?

A

Cutaneous and sub cutaneous tissue

73
Q

Loa loa periodicity?

A

Diurnal

74
Q

vector of Loa loa

A

Chrysops - deer fly

75
Q

this parasite has a sheath that is filled with nuclei form anterior to posterior part

A

Loa loa

76
Q

distinct charac of loa loa

A

continous nuclei from anterior and posterior tip

77
Q

The adult loa loa are typically ______ in color and would exhibit
a _______ thread-like appearance.

A

white; cylindrical

78
Q

common name of loa loa:

A

Loa worm/eye worm/ african eye worm

79
Q

disease of loa loa

A

Loasis/ Fugitive Swelling/ Calabar Swelling

80
Q

swelling diameter of loa loa

A

5-10cm

81
Q

Loa loa; swelling is marked by?

A

Erythema and angioedema

82
Q

redness of the skin or mucous
membrane due to hyperemia or increased blood
flow

A

erythema

83
Q

swelling underneath the skin

A

angioedema

84
Q

angioedema persist for?

A

4-7 days

85
Q

main cause of angioedema is ?

A

Allergic reaction

86
Q

angioedema can be seen in?

A

Dermis
subcutaneous tissue
cutaneous tissue
mucosa

87
Q

migration of loa loa is ?

A

up to an inch for every 2 minutes

88
Q

The specimen of choice for the recovery of L. loa
microfilariae is

A

Giemsa-stained blood

89
Q

This sample
yields the best recovery when collected during the
mid-day hours

A

knott technique

90
Q

time of collection of loa loa?

A

10:15-2:15

91
Q

The migrating adult worms may be extracted from
a variety of blood locations and that will include the

A

eye

92
Q

means no signs and
symptoms. So one is not aware that they are already infected.

A

Asymptomatic microfilaremia

93
Q

inflammation of the walls of the lymphatic
vessels

A

Lymphangitis

94
Q

inflammation of the lymph nodes

A

Lymphadenitis

95
Q

inflammation of one or both testicles

A

Orchitis

96
Q

inflammation of the epididymis (this is the tube
located at the back of the testicles)

A

Epididymitis-

97
Q

type of swelling in the scrotum that occurs when
fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle

A

Hydrocele

98
Q

condition characterized by gross enlargement
of an area of the body, especially the limbs

A

Elephantiasis-

99
Q

nagkakaroon kadalasan ng allergic reaction in
the presence of microfilariae kaya may itchiness

A

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia & allergic reaction

100
Q

chyle is the presence
of ____ and _____ in the urine giving the urine a ______
appearance.

A

lymph and lipid; milky white

101
Q

when there is chyle in the pee

A

Chyluria

102
Q

diagnosis of filariasis

A

Peripheral blood smear

103
Q

filariasis serology?

A

antigen capture

104
Q

the vector of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

ANOPHELES MOSQUITO

105
Q

Onchocerca volvulus common name?

A

Blinding filaria

106
Q

Onchocerca volvulus disease:

A

Blinding filariasis/river blindness, onchocerciasis

107
Q

definitive host of O.v?

A

Man

108
Q

infective stage of O.v?

A

3rd stage larva

109
Q

incubation period of O.v?

A

10-12 months

110
Q

vector of O.v?

A

black fly (genus simulium)

111
Q

O.v is usally found in what part of the human body?

A

subcutaneous; dermis

112
Q

parasite not found in the blood so periodicity is not particular?

A

O.v

113
Q

O.v is found in what countries?

A

Tropical Africa, North Yemen, parts of Mexico, Guatemala,
Venezuela, Brazil, Columbia and Ecuador

114
Q

Signs and symptoms of O.v?

A

minimal changes on the surface of the
skin

115
Q

parasite? thin and wirelike in appearamce

A

O.v

116
Q

Parasite? coiled knots inside the nodules

A

O.v

117
Q

The one primary characteristic that this organism will be
distinguished from other microfilariae is that it does not
produce a sheath. Another difference is the location of
microfilariae because it is found in subcutaneous tissues and
not found in blood

A

O.v

118
Q

O.v stained slides of tissue biopsies, known as

A

Skin snips

119
Q

O.v can also be collected through?

A

Filtration and centrifugation

120
Q

O.v. giemsa stain pH?

A

pH 6.8

121
Q

Skin snips is placed in? and left for how many hours?

A

0.5 mL of NSS; 4 hours

122
Q

symptoms of O.v disease

A

Nodular and erythematous lesions
Eosinophilia and urticaria

123
Q

Ocular involvment triad of river blindness

A

photophobia
Lacrimation
blindness

124
Q

treatment and control of river blindness?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

125
Q

Mansonella perstans is found in what part of the body?

A

Body cavities

126
Q

non-periodic microfilarie?

A

MANSONELLA (SYN. DIPETALONEMA; PREVIOUSLY KNOWN)
PERSTANS

127
Q

Mansonella perstans is found in what countries?

A

South america and tropical africa

128
Q

mansonella ozzardi common name is?

A

New world filariae

129
Q

mansonella ozzardi is found in what part of the body?

A

non-periodic microfilariae

130
Q

parasite? Commonly associated disease: none
 Considered nonpathogenic

A

MANSONELLA OZZARDI

131
Q

The posterior end is short and not tapered as compared to the
onchocerca volvulus.

A

MANSONELLA OZZARDI

132
Q

The organism contains numerous nuclei
that do not extend to the tip of the long narrow and tapered
tail.

A

MANSONELLA OZZARDI

133
Q

It is similar in appearance to that of the onchocerca volvulus
but the O. volvulus is found in blood rather than in skin snips

A

MANSONELLA OZZARDI

134
Q

M. (DIPETALONEMA) STREPTOCERCA is found in kn what country?

A

tropical africa

135
Q

MANSONELLA OZZARDI vectors?

A

Midges: genus Culicoides
Blackflies: genus Simulium

136
Q

MANSONELLA PERSTANS vector

A

midge (genus Culicoides)

137
Q

Unsheated and subperiodic microfilariae

A

MANSONELLA PERSTANS

138
Q

Unsheated and non-periodic microfilariae – blood stream

A

MANZONELLA OZZARDI

139
Q

location of microfilariae in man

A

peripheral blood and lymph spaces of the skin

140
Q
A
141
Q

Disease of B.malayi

A

malarian filariasis and
elephantiasis

142
Q

B.malayi microfilarae length

A

177-230um

143
Q

Where can you get skin snips for O.v laboratory

A

Shoulder, buttocks, chest, calves

144
Q

O.v skin snips is examined using what microscope?

A

Inversion microscope

145
Q

Mansonella ozzardi is found in what country

A

Tropical africa

146
Q

Parasite? Adults: dermis (<1 mm from surface) (prominent)

A

Mansonella streptocerca

147
Q

Hanging groin, blindness, dermatitis

A

Onchocerca volvulus

PARASIT (29 decks)

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