Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PARASIT > protozoa > Flashcards

protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

fusion of two cells or their nuclei in
reproduction

A

Sexual/ Syngamy:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

for osmotic pressure and elimination of
waste product

A

Contraction vacuoles:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

➢ Complete unit
➢ With specialized cells

A

unicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

➢ Amitotic: single division
➢ Mitotic: repeated binary fission of nucleus
producing two daughter cells

A

Asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

repeated binary fission of nucleus
producing two daughter cells

A

mitotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

single division

A

amitotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

locomotion of protozoa

A

organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

inner , finely granular protoplasm primarily for
storage synthesis and digestion of food

A

Cytoplasm/ endoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

For locomotion, respiration and discharge or
metabolic wastes

A

ectoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

semi-permeable
membrane
● For intake and outtake of food
as well as for secretion or
secretory

A

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

for regulation of osmotic pressure

A

contractile vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cell mouth, located laterally
at the anterior end

A

Cytostome-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

With thin ectoplasm which is primarily for ingestion,
excretion, protection and movement

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cell anus

A

Cytophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where flagellum arises

A

kinetoplast (mastigophora)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Maintenance and reproduction of life

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

for nutrition and reproduction

A

granular voluminous endoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Classification of protozoa

A

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

direct; oxygen os from
enzymatic reactions

A

aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

for parasitic forms of protozoa

A

anerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

opening for extrusion

A

nutrition; ingestion = cytopyge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

types of nutrition

A

Absorption
ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

types of excretion

A

osmotic pressure
diffusion
precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

usually the infective stage

A

Resistant membranous wall for cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

means of survival

A

reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

sexual union of 2 cells

A

syngammy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Fission through mitotic and amitotic
● May be grown in vitro
➢ Blood, serum, but it require

A

asexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

feeding stage/ reproducing stage/ moving stage

A

Trophozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

non-feeding stage/ non-reproducing stage/ nonmoving stage

A

cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Usually resistant to adverse conditions

A

cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

infective form of protozoa

A

CYST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

invertebrae host

A

arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
  • host to host without any cyclic development
A

direct transmisson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what development happens inside the vector and what vector did it happen into>

A

Cyclic development; mosquito vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

There is a vehicle (foor or water) or a vector. So when
the protozoa needs a vector, this is with a cyclic development.

A

indirect transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

3 types of pathology of protozoa

A

Invasion
immune response
toxic products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

destruction of cells

A

imvasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

laboratory diagnosis in cases of malaira

A

blood smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

diagnosis:
isolation of amoeba and flagellates

A

Concentration studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

amoeba superclass

A

Sarcodina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

amoeba class

A

rhizopodea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

THE AMOEBA UNDERGO ENCYSTATION EXCEPT FOR

A

ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

the conversion of trophozoites into cyst form.

A

encystation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

encystation usually occurs in?

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

. The ingestion of the____ completes the
typical intestinal amebic life cycle.

A

infective cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

leads to the trophozoite formation

A

excystation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

leads to the trophozoite formation.

A

excystation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

excystation occurs in

A

ileocecal of the intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Most pathogenic intestinal amoeba in man

A

Entamoeba histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

habitat of E.histo

A

large intestine, liver, lungs and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

amoebas undergoes encystation except for?

A

entamoeba gingibavalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

E.histo is also known as

A

Amoeba Dysenteriae, Entamoeba
Dysenteriae, Entamoeba Dysentery and Entamoeba
Tetragena”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

infective stage of E.histp

A

cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Chromatoidal bodies: has rounded ends giving it a
sausage shape appearance

A

E.histo cyts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

E.histo;
❖ Ectoplasm is thick
❖ Red blood cells present
❖ No bacteria or foreign material
❖ Karyosome is centrally located
❖ Pseudopodia is fingerlike
❖ Progressive movement for the trophozoite stage of E.
histolytica

A

Trophozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

E.histo:
Progressive movement for the trophozoite stage of E.
histolytica

A

Trophozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

E. histo: Colorless, round or oval
❖ Smaller than trophozoite but bigger than the cyst
❖ Devoid of food inclusion
❖ Movement is sluggish

A

Precystic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

optimum temp and pH of E.histo cyst

A

37 deg cel; pH 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

chromatoidal bodies has rounded eggs giving it a sausage shape appearance

A

E.histlytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

thermal death point of E.histo cyst

A

50 deg cel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

resistant to urine

A

E. histo cyts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

how many nuclei in mature and immature cyst if E.histo

A

4 in mature
1-2 in immature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

movement of E.histo

A

Active
Progressice
DIrectional
Fingerlike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Disease E.histo;
There are symptoms that are apparent

A

Luminal amoebiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

● the trophozoites would invade
the intestinal mucosa to produce dysentery or
ameboma that can spread in
the blood to give extra
intestinal lesions like liver
abscess.

A

Invasive amoebiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

asymptomatic infection

A

Luminal amoebiasis specifically the E.dispar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

this is useful in
differentiating Entamoeba histolytica from Entamoeba
dispar because these two are morphologically
indistinguishable.

A

Polymerase chain Reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Not useful for demonstrating trophozoites

A

Fecalysis; E.histo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Fresh stool: wet mounts (with or without the iodine stain)
and permanently stained preparations

A

Fecalysis; e histo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

. It can also help in the differentiation of
luminal infection caused by Entamoeba dispar from
invasive amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica.

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

most useful in patient with
extraintestinal disease (i.e. amebic liver abscess) when
organisms are not generally found on stool examination

A

antibody detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

: useful as an adjunct to microscopic
diagnosis in detecting parasites and to distinguish between
pathogenic and non-pathogenic infections (between E.
histolytica and E. dispar infections

A

Antigen detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Habitat of Entamoeba hartmanni

A

intestinal tract of man

75
Q
A
76
Q

the size of E.hart resembles?

A

Endolimax nana

77
Q

nucleus resembles E.coli

A

E.hart

78
Q

chromatoidal bar of E.hart is shaped?

A

Rice Grain Shape or thin fan like

79
Q
  1. Trophozoite doesn’t ingest RBCs
  2. Utility is less vigorous
  3. Chromatoidal bodies are shorter with tapered ends giving a
    rice grain shape or thin fan like appearance
  4. Non-pathogenic; causes only mild symptoms of enteritis
A

Entamoeba hartmanni

80
Q

habitat of E.coli

A

Large intestine of Human

81
Q

Trophozoite
○ -nucleus is not easily visualized
○ -karyosome is eccentric
○ -Movement is sluggish
○ -Pseudopod is broad and short
○ -granular ectoplasm is not easily differentiated from the
endoplasm

A

ENTAMOEBA COLi

82
Q

○ -chromatoidal bodies are splinter like filamentous giving
a whisk broom appearance
○ 1-8 nuclei
○ Transmission: hand to mouth
○ Diagnosis: cyst and trophozoite in fecal sample
○ Prevention:
1. Personal hygiene
2. Sanitary disposal of wastes

A

Cyst of E.coil

83
Q

diagnosis if E.coli cyst

A

cyst and trophozoite in fecal sample

84
Q

how many nuclei in e/coli

A

1-8

85
Q

E.coli:
chromatoidal bodies are splinter like filamentous giving
a whisk broom appearance

A

cyst of E.coli

86
Q

Transmission of cyts of E.coli

A

Hand to mouth

87
Q

Diagnosis of E.coli

A

Cyst and trophozoite in fecal sample

88
Q

E. histo or E.coli?

Finger like pseudopodia

A

E.histo

89
Q

E.histo of E.coli?

Blund and broader pseudopodia

A

E.coli

90
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
Eccentric karyosome

A

E.coli

91
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
Progressive and
directional motility

A

E.histo

92
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
Sluggish, nonprogressive, nondirectional

A

E.coli

93
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
Bull’s eye nucleus

A

E.histo

94
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
nuclear membrane is thin

A

E.histo

95
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
Dirty-looking, heavily
vacuolated due to
ingested bacteria and
food particles

A

E.coli

96
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
Clean-looking, with
ingested RBCs

A

E.histo

97
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
Small race
(nonpathogenic)
Large race
(pathogenic)

A

E,histo

98
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
nuclear membrane is thick

A

E.coli

99
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
1-4 nuclei (infective)

A

E.histo

100
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
Sausage shaped chromatoidal bodies

A

e.histo

101
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
Splinter/broomstick appearance chromatoidal bodies

A

E.coli

102
Q

E.histo of E.coli?
1-8 nuclei

A

E.coli

103
Q

smalles intestinal protozoan of man

A

Endolimax nana

104
Q

synoynm of E.nana

A

 Cross-eyed cyst
 Entamoeba nana
 Endolimax intestinalis

105
Q

Trophozoite:
o 2-12 um
o Uninucleated
o Finely granular, vacuolated cytoplasm (with narrow rim
of ectoplasm)
o Short pseudopod
o Movement is sluggish
o Karyosome: central or eccentric

A

ENDOLIMAX NANA

106
Q

Cyst:
o 5-10 um
o Round to oval; usually oval
o 1-4 nucleus; possesses 4 nuclei when mature
o Chromatoidal bodies are comma-shaped

A

ENDOLIMAX NANA

107
Q

Chromatoidal bodies are comma-shape

A

cyst of E.nana

108
Q

habitat of I.buts

A

Large intestine of man and swine

109
Q

non-pathogenic amoeba

A

IODAMOEBA BUTSCHLII

110
Q

Common name of I.buts

A

Iodine Cyst

111
Q

Synonym of I.buts

A

Iodamoeba williamsi, Entamoeba williamsi, Entamoeba
butschlii, Endolimax williamsi,

112
Q

similar to Entamoeba Histolytica but note that it is noninvasive

A

I.buts

113
Q

Trophozoite
o 8-20 um
o Coarsely granular cytoplasm with vacuoles and bacteria
o Blunt pseudopods (sluggishlyprogressively motility)
o Small with fairly active, progressive movement
o Ectoplasm is clear
o 1 spherical nucleus
o Karyosome is central and eccentric

A

I.buts

114
Q

o 5-20 um
o Ovoid
o Only one nucleus when mature
o Prominent glycogen vacuole (iodine-staining)- dark
brown
o Large glycogen vacuole

A

Cyst of I.buts

115
Q

Coarsely granular cytoplasm with vacuoles and bacteria

A

Trophozoite of I.buts

116
Q

Blunt pseudopods (sluggishlyprogressively motility)

A

Trophozoite of I.buts

117
Q

1 spherical nucleus

A

Trophozoite of I.buts

118
Q

only one nucles when mature

A

cyst of I.buts

119
Q

Prominent glycogen vacuole (iodine-staining)- dark
brown

A

Cyst of I.buts

120
Q

large glycogen vacuole

A

Cyst of I.buts

121
Q

Made by finding the characteristics cyst in an iodine stain or
in a formol, ether concentration

A

I.buts

122
Q

The trophozoites are difficult to detect in a wet preparation

A

I.buts

123
Q

Found in the mouth, chiefly in the tartar of the teeth and
gingival pocket

A

ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS

124
Q

Humans are the only host, however occasionally the parasite
has also reported in the mouth of dogs and cats

A

E.gingi

125
Q

Been claimed that it contributes to periodontal disease

A

E.gingi

126
Q

first amoeba of
human

A

E.gingi

127
Q

E.gingi is discovered by?

A

Discovered by Gros, in 1849

128
Q

MOT of e.gingi

A

Kissing or droplet spray

Contaminated drinking utensils and dental utensils

129
Q

no specific drug or medicine that is prescribe to kill the
microorganism, what is recommended is prophylaxis or
prevention through proper hygiene

A

ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS

130
Q

Cytoplasm: WBC, epithelial cells, bacteria, and food
vacuoles

A

E.gingi

131
Q

Extrudes pseudopodia, similar to E. histolytica but does
not exhibit progressive locomotion

A

E.gingi trophozoite

132
Q

Multiple pseudopodia

A

Trophozoite of E. gingi

133
Q

The presence of ingested leukocytes and their nuclear
fragment cyst diagnostic as no other amoeba ingest risk
cells

A

Trophozoite of E. gingi

134
Q

Nucleus is round with peripheral chromatin & large
central karyosome
o Cytoplasm: WBC, epithelial cells, bacteria, and food
vacuoles

A

Trophozoite of E. gingi

135
Q

a commensal and is not considered
to cause any disease

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

136
Q

Found in bronchial washings from cases of pulmonary
suppurations and in sputum where it can be mistaken for
Entamoeba histolytica from lung abscess

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

137
Q

Originally described as amoeba, but is actually a flagellate
with only the trophozoite stage known.

A

DIENTAMOEBA FRAGILIS

138
Q

it is now classified among the trichomodas

A

D. fragilis

139
Q

○ Binucleated trophozoite
○ Absence of the cyst stage
○ Electron microscopic evidence of rudiments
○ Resembles Trichomonads antigenically and
ultrastructurally

A

DIENTAMOEBA FRAGILIS

140
Q

is D. fragilis pathogenic or non pathogenic?

A

pathogenic

141
Q

habitat of D.fragilis

A

Mucosal crypts of the cecum

142
Q

Resembles Trichomonads antigenically and
ultrastructurally

A

DIENTAMOEBA FRAGILIS

143
Q

Usually in co-infection with E. vermicularis

A

D.fragilis

144
Q
A
145
Q

○ Binucleated trophozoite

A

D.fragilis

146
Q

Absence of the cyst stage

A

D.fragilis

147
Q

Electron microscopic evidence of rudiments

A

D.fragilis

148
Q

Resembles Trichomonads antigenically and
ultrastructurally

A

D.fragilis

149
Q

Could be recognized only in fresh liquid or soft stool specimen

A

D.fragilis

150
Q
A
151
Q

Prompt fixation with PVA or Schaudinn’s is helpful

A

D.fragilis

152
Q

has 2 nuclei

A

D.fragilis

153
Q

Circular appearance at rest

A

D.fragilis

154
Q

multiple leaf shaped pseudopods

A

D.fragilis

155
Q

Rapid action of the multiple leaf-shaped
pseudopods that gives a stellate appearance, and
explosive disintegration in water

A

D.fragilis

156
Q

– are facultative parasites of
man.

A

Acanthamoeba and Naegleria

157
Q

habitat of acanthamoeba and naegleria

A

Stagnant water, brackish and ocean sediments,
thermal pools, swimming pools, polluted soil, sewage disposal
systems

158
Q

once it enters the human host, acanthamoeba and naegleria inhabits what

A

central nervous system

159
Q

Trophozoite can assume limax form or become
ameboflagellate

A

N.fowleri

160
Q

Has both amoeba and flagellated form

A

N.fowleri

161
Q

Ameboid: has a blunt pseudopodia and a vesicular
nucleus with a large karyosome and sparse
granules of peripheral chromati

A

N.fowleri

162
Q

Only amoeboid trophozoite inside the
host

A

N.fowleri

163
Q

Flagellated: elongated and bears two equal and
anteriorly located flagella

A

N.fowleri

164
Q

Cyst wall is smooth and double, with the outer wall
perforated by 3 – 8 pores (ostioles)

A

N.fowleri

165
Q

3-8 pores of N.fowleri is called

A

Ostioles

166
Q

Survive up to 46 degrees celsius
○ Survive at 0.5ug/mL chlorinated water

A

N.fowleri

167
Q

Major causative agent of Primary Amebic
Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

A

N.fowleri

168
Q

On autopsy examination (of mice and animals), the normal
architecture of the brain, particularly the olfactory lobes and
cerebral cortex is completely destroyed. (“Brain-eating
amoeba”)

A

N.fowleri

169
Q

Causes purulent spinal fluid with motile amoeba

A

N.fowleri

170
Q

Stained smears of culture material (demonstration of the
trophozoites in CSF)
○ Trophozoite in brain and CSF

A

N.fowleri

171
Q

Swimming in contaminated water
● Using inadequately disinfected contact lenses

A

Acanthamoeba

172
Q

PORTAL OF ENTRY:
● broken or ulcerated skin or eye, lungs, genitourinary tract
(GUT)

A

Acanthamoeba

173
Q

Uninucleated and double walled

A

cyst of acanthamoeba

174
Q

____has two stages; cysts image and trophozoites
image in its life cycle and lacks a flagellate stage.

A

Acanthamoeba

175
Q

When__enters the eye it can cause severe
keratitis in healthy individuals, particularly contact lens users

A

Acanthamoeba spp.

176
Q

Both Acanthamoeba spp. cysts and trophozoites are found in the
____

A

tissue

177
Q

Ulcerative Acanthemoeba Keratitis in contact lens wearers

A

acanthamoeba

178
Q

Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)
○ Lesions in the brain
○ Chronic central nervous system infection;
generally, in debilitated or immunocompromised
patients

A

Acanthamoeba

179
Q

Chronic Granulomatous lesions in the brain, skin, kidneys,
liver, spleen, uterus, and prostate

A

Acanthamoeba

180
Q

Microabscesses in the lungs and pancreas

A

Acanthamoeba

181
Q
  1. Cerebrospinal fluid
  2. Nasal swabs
  3. PYGC medium containing antibiotics (culture medium)
    ● Stained smears of culture material
    ● Histologic examination of brain
    ● Trophozoites and cysts in corneal scrapings
A

Acanthamoeba

182
Q

● Amphotericin B (given intravenously)
● 5-fluorocytosine, pentamidine
● Ketoconazole
● Itraconazole

A

Acanthamoeba

183
Q
A

PARASIT (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions