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Rocks rock! > midterm 2 > Flashcards

midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Major convergent margins

A

Western us Canada Japan the Philippines andies

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2
Q

3 types of convergent marines

A

Oceanic vs Continental
ex. Pacific plate subducting beneath South America

Oceanic vs oceanic
ex. Lesser Antilles

Continental vs continental
ex. Collision between Africa and Europe or India and Asia = alps and Himalas

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3
Q

Why volcanoes on cascade

A

Product of subduction
brings water deep in earth-melts mantel comes to surface as fragments of melts to form cascade volcanoes (composite volcanoes)
These dont have cone structure

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4
Q

Composite volcanoes

A

Lava flows alternating pyroclastic material
100-3000m
lava flows thinker/shorter
lava=basalt andesite dacite rhyolite
cone shaped
ex Mt. fuji

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5
Q

Mineralogy

A

Pyroxene olivine and plagoplast =
basalt
least silica (50)

Plagioclase and amphobal= andesite
second least (57)

amphibole plagioclase and potassium = dacite
second most

Rhyolite = quartz potassium feldspar and some sodium
most silica most viscous

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6
Q

Chem comp

A

Peridotite (SI=20.9 and O=44.3) =mantel rock
melting=basalt
fractionation of basalt (si=22.9 and O= 43.6) = andesite
fractionation of andesite (si=27.1 and O= 44.9) = rhyolight (si= 34 and o=52.2)

o and silica are highest in all rocks
know percent for each

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7
Q

Volcanic domes

A

dacite or rhyolite
Lava is high viscosity
500-2000m
form dome complex because so viscus they can not move

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8
Q

Viscosity

A

Resistance to flow
Temperature and silica content = viscosity
Higher temp= lower viscosity
High viscosity = toothpaste = lots of silica
Water = low

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9
Q

Main Volcanoes of the pacific

A

Krakatau (Filipins), Pinatubo (, Fuji (Japan
Composite volcano’s product of convergent plate margins

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10
Q

Pyroclastic flows

A

Fragments of rocks generated in big explosion
gas pressure in magma chamber overcomes the pressure of the conduit- Shaters rocks into pieces
Ranges from ash to bolder size

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11
Q

Mt Pelee where?

A

Caribbean ocean
oceanic subduction zone
composit volcano

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12
Q

What is made of:
Oceanic crust? Continental crust?

A

Oceanic= basalt
Continental rhyolite

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13
Q

Krakatau

A

1883 largest eruption in recent history
whole tope of volcano destroyed

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14
Q

Know how calderas form

A

colaps of top of volcano if filled with water =crater lake

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15
Q

Mount mazama

A

5000 bc
Biggest eruption

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16
Q

Taupo

A

220 2ed bigest

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17
Q

Krakatoa Indonesia

A

3ed bigest
1815

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18
Q

Native metals

A

gold silver copper

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19
Q

Sulphides

A

chalcopyrite sphalerite galena pyright

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20
Q

common oxide ore mineral

A

Magnetite hermatite cassiterite

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21
Q

come sulfate

A

bayright and gypsum

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22
Q

Common carbonate or minerals

A

Malachit cerussite smith side azure

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23
Q

Evaporits

A

Gypsum and halite

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24
Q

Isostacy

A

Isostacy (crustal equilibrium) and isostatic uplift
she wants to be flat
Uplift erosion transportation sedimentation

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25
Q

3 minerals that become clay

A

plageoclaste felsbar potasium feldsbar muskovite
silcates= clay
iron =oxide

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26
Q

The cascades

A

Linear belt of volcanoes
oceanic continental
convergent boundary
subduction takes place

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27
Q

Mafic / basaltic

A

shield volcano

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28
Q

Andesitic

A

Cinder cones

29
Q

composit

A

Dacitic

30
Q

rhyolitic

A

dome complex

31
Q

Viscosity and temperature

A

increases from basalt to rhyolight
ryolight lowest temp to basalt hight temp

32
Q

Main gases

A

H2o co2 so2

33
Q

Siera navada is made of…

A
  • intrusive rocks
    granite and diorite
    Intrusive counterpart of cascade volcanoes
    contain water bedded minerals
34
Q

batholith vs stock

A

batholith> 100 km
stock <100

35
Q

INtrusion and exstrusive

A

Hapens because of uplifting and erosion

36
Q

Sill vs dyke

A

Sill =concordant
dyke = dievergent

37
Q

Counterparts of rock
(first 1 fine-grained second one coarse)

A

Basalt gabbro
And dior
dacite tonalite
rhyolite granit

38
Q

Xenolith

A

Foreign chunks

39
Q

Magma and ore formation

A

Rain enters ground
water gets heated
minerals precipitate

40
Q

Common native ore minerals

A

Copper gold sulfur

41
Q

Pegmatites

A

huge crysals

42
Q

Sedimentary rock

A
  • depositional conditions
    surface envi
    evolution
43
Q

Basin and range is what

A

Chemical clastic sedimentary rocks

44
Q

Evaporites

A

Halite gypsum

45
Q

Sand dues

A

clastic sediments

46
Q

Alluvial fans

A

clastic sediments

47
Q

Grain size

A

closer to source big
further = small

48
Q

Horst and Graben

A

Horst = high up
graben lower down
middle= fine grained

49
Q
A
50
Q

THin crust results in

A

decompression melting = more volcanicmoutains

51
Q

Isostacy

A

crust wants flat

52
Q

Isostatic uplift

A

mountains want up

53
Q

Order of mountains

A

uplift erosion transport sedimentation

54
Q

Traansportation of sediments

A

water gravety wind ice

55
Q

Difremce between chemical and physical weathering?

A

Chem ions dissolve in water
physical ends with clastic sediment

56
Q

Dunes are…

A

Clastic sediments

57
Q

Freeze thaw

A

Physical weathering

58
Q

Chemical weathering

A

Ioniclly bonded minerals- dissolved ions
calcite on graves gets holes

59
Q

Stability during weathering

A

Lowest temperature to crystalize at and most resistant:
quartz
muscovite
patassium feldspar
biotite Sodium feldspar (chem)
amphibole
pyroxene calcium feldspar (chem)
olivine

60
Q

Mediterranean evaporites

A

5-7 ma

61
Q

Windsor evaporites

A

430 ma

62
Q

Inorganic clastic sedimentary rocks

A

halite —- gypsum

63
Q

Biogenic

A

coal—– living fellas

64
Q

Mature sediment vs immature

A

Desert =mature
glacial deposit= immature

65
Q

Arkose

A
  • in fanes
  • not super mature
  • feldspar — short transport
66
Q

Sandstone

A
  • clastic
    -more mature
  • quartz
67
Q

Breccia vs conglomerate

A

B= corse and angular
C-round

68
Q

Mature sediment vs immature

A

Mature= well sorted and well rounded (more energy)

69
Q

Stability during weathering

A

Granite most durable peridotite least
Granite tonalite diorite gabbro peridotite

Rocks rock! (5 decks)

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