Science Chp 5 Test

Question 1

Fault

Answer 1

Surface along which rocks move when they pass their elastic limits and break.

Question 2

Earthquake

Answer 2

Vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault.

Question 3

Normal fault

Answer 3

Break in rock caused by tension forces, where rock above the fault surface moves down relative to the rock below the fault surface.

Question 4

Reverse fault

Answer 4

Break in rock caused by compressive forces, where rock above the fault surface moves upward relative to the rock below the fault surface.

Question 5

Strike-slip fault

Answer 5

Break and rock caused by shear forces; where rocks move past each other without much vertical movement.

Question 6

Seismic wave

Answer 6

Wave generated by an earthquake.

Question 7

Focus

Answer 7

In an earthquake, the point below Earth’s surface where energy is released in the form of seismic waves.

Question 8

Primary wave-

Answer 8

Seismic wave that moves Rock particles back and forth in the same direction that the wave travels.

Question 9

Secondary wave

Answer 9

Seismic wave that moves Rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave.

Question 10

Surface wave

Answer 10

Seismic wave that moves rock particles up and down in a backward rolling motion and side to side and swaying motion.

Question 11

Epicenter

Answer 11

Point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s focus

Question 12

Seismograph

Answer 12

Instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time that each arrived.

Question 13

Magnitude

Answer 13

Measure of the energy released during an earthquake.

Question 14

Liquefaction

Answer 14

Occurs when wet soil acts more like a liquid during an earthquake

Question 15

Tsunami

Answer 15

Seismic sea wave that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on shore.

Question 16

What are the 3 types of faults?

Answer 16

normal fault, reverse fault, strike-slip fault

Question 17

What is a fault?

Answer 17

Surface along which rocks move when they pass their elastic limits and break.

Question 18

What are the 3 types of seismic waves?

Answer 18

Primary wave, secondary wave, surface wave

Question 19

How do the seismic waves affect rock layers

Answer 19

They bend, stretch, and compress. Occasionally, rocks break, producing earthquakes that generate seismic waves.

Question 20

What can the seismic waves go through and what can they not go through and what can’t they go through?

Answer 20

Seismic waves cannot go through the area on earth between 105° and 140° from the earthquake focus. The rest of Earth the seismic waves can reach.

Question 21

Earthquakes

Answer 21

Vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault.

Question 22

Do the two scales effect each other?

Answer 22

No, they do not affect each other because they measure different information in an earthquake that doesn’t affect each other.

Question 23

What is a Tsunami?

Answer 23

Seismic sea wave that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on shore.

Question 24

How does a Tsunami form?

Answer 24

An earthquake under the ocean causes a sudden movement of the ocean floor. The movement pushes against the water, causing a powerful wave that can travel thousands of kilometers in all directions.

Question 25

How to predict a tsunami

Answer 25

Just before a tsunami crashes onto shore, the water along a shoreline might move rapidly towards the sea, exposing a large portion of land that normally is underwater. This should be taken a sign that a tsunami is about to hit and you should move to high ground immediately.

Question 26

What is liquefaction?

Answer 26

Occurs when wet soil acts more like a liquid during an earthquake.