Science Chapter 4: Astronomy

Question 1

Constellations

Answer 1

a group of stars that forms a pattern resembling a familiar object, character, or animal, and that changes position throughout the year because the earth moves.

Question 2

Circumpolar constellations vs zodiac

Answer 2

Circumpolar constellations are visible year round because of their unique position. Well zodiac constellations come into view and disappear because of earth’s rotation around the sun.

Question 3

Facts about the sun

Answer 3

The sun is an average star, it is not very hot and not very cold. It is a main sequence star, and is yellow.

Question 4

Be able to label the sun’s layers

Answer 4

go to the google doc and do it

Question 5

Prominence

Answer 5

Huge arching columns of gas.

Question 6

Sunspot

Answer 6

An area of the Sun that is cooler and not as bright as the surrounding areas and that is caused by the Sun’s intense magnetic field.

Question 7

Flare

Answer 7

Sudden brightening of gasses shooting outwards.

Question 8

How to sort stars

Answer 8

You sort stars based off of their color to find their temperature. And based off their brightness.

Question 9

Absolute vs Apparent magnitude

Answer 9

Absolute magnitude is a measure of the amount of light that a star actually emits. Apparent magnitude is a measure of the amount of light from a star that is received from earth.

Question 10

Be able to draw the HR diagram

Answer 10

go to the google docs and draw it

Question 11

What percent of stars are main sequence stars

Answer 11

90%

Question 12

Compare giants and dwarfs

Answer 12

They both are caused by the core using up all of the stars hydrogen. Dwarfs outer layers escape into space, leaving behind a small dense core. Well giants core contracts, its outer layers expand and cool.

Question 13

How do stars generate energy

Answer 13

They fuse hydrogen into helium in their core

Question 14

Nebula

Answer 14

a large cloud of dust and gas that can break apart into smaller pieces and form stars.

Question 15

Supergiant

Answer 15

life cycle stage of a massive star where the core reaches extremely high temperatures, heavy elements form by fusion, and the star expands

Question 16

Supernova

Answer 16

a star that suddenly increases greatly in brightness because of a catastrophic explosion that ejects most of its mass.

Question 17

Neutron star

Answer 17

collapsed core of a supernova that shrinks to about 20 km in diameter and whose dense core has only neutrons

Question 18

Black hole

Answer 18

remnant of a star that is so dense that nothing, not even light, can escape its gravity field

Question 19

Know the life cycle of a star

Answer 19

Go to the google doc and draw it
or
nebula –> low mass star –> Red giant –> planetary nebula –> white dwarf

nebula –> high mass star –> red supergiant –> supernova –> neutron star or black hole

Question 20

Galaxy

Answer 20

a large group of stars, dust, and gas that is held together by gravity and can be elliptical, spiral, or irregular.

Question 21

The 3 types of galaxies and what they are shaped like

Answer 21

Elliptical- shaped like large 3 dimensional ellipses, most resembling a football.
Spiral- Spiral arms that wind outward from the inner regions.
Irregular- Most of the galaxies that don’t fit into the other classifications.

Question 22

What galaxy are we found in:

Answer 22

We are found in a spiral galaxy called the Milky Way.

Question 23

Big bang theory

Answer 23

states that approximately 12 to 15 billion years ago, the formation of the universe began with a fiery explosion.