Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Myocardium makes up ~___% of the heart wall

Answer 1

95

Question 2

Cardiac muscle tissue’s properties

Answer 2

striated skeletal muscle tissue, involuntary

Question 3

The ____ also drains venous blood into the right atrium from the myocardium of the heart.

Answer 3

coronary sinus

Question 4

The ____ wall is also longer and more conical in shape than
the right and forms the apex of the heart.

Answer 4

left ventricle

Question 5

Left Ventricle is _X as thick as the right ventricle

Answer 5

3

Question 6

The _____, a small depression is present on the ___ septum,
which is the embryonic remnant of the foramen ovale, an opening in the
fetal heart that closes shortly after birth.

Answer 6

fossa ovalis, interatrial

Question 7

Blood from one side of the heart never mixes with blood from the
otherside, except in ____

Answer 7

fetus

Question 8

______ is essential for proper fetal circulation, directing O2, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta

Answer 8

Foramen ovale

Question 9

_____ is shallow depression in adult

Answer 9

Fossa ovali

Question 10

Structural defect in interatrial septum or inter-ventricular septum, e.g., _____

Answer 10

Atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect

Question 11

string-like _____, which are attached at the opposite end to the ventricular wall or ____ muscles. They prevent the valve from prolapsing into the
right atrium.

Answer 11

chordae tendineae, papillary

Question 12

Mitral valve stenosis’s symptoms

Answer 12

shortness of breath,
irregular heartbeats or heart sounds (murmur),
dizziness,
chest pain,
coughing up blood,
or fatigue, especially during increased activity / during exercise.
It could go unnoticed or worsen slowly

Question 13

____ can be caused by a complication of strep throat called rheumatic fever

Answer 13

Mitral valve stenosis

Question 14

Mitral valve stenosis’s treatment

Answer 14

medication, mitral valve repair, or replacement surgery, depending on the severity

Question 15

The ____ arteries (right & left ) supply blood to the
myocardium. Their openings lie just superior to the ____ valve.

Answer 15

coronary, aortic

Question 16

_____ provide alternate pathways for blood to flow and to
supply oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium when a coronary artery is
blocked

Answer 16

Collateral circulation

Question 17

Ischemia deprives myocardial cells of oxygen, producing
a painful condition called _____

Answer 17

angina pectoris

Question 18

_____: the pain usually happens during physical activity, when oxygen demand exceeds supply. Pain lessens with rest.

Feels like heavy pressure, tightening, or squeezing in the
chest, usually behind the sternum or in the anterior upper
thorax

Answer 18

Angina pectoris

Question 19

Profuse perspiration (____), difficulty breathing
(dyspnea), nausea, or vomiting may occur when having angina pectoris

Answer 19

diaphoresis

Question 20

Cardiac muscle
Able to contract rhythmically independent of any nerve supply - ___ (no nerves required)

Answer 20

intrinsic

Question 21

Cardiac muscle’s difference from skeletal muscle:

Answer 21

cardiac cells:
short, fat,
branched, and
interconnected