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NN Human Biology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

The roof of internal nasal cavity:
_________ bones of the base of the skull

A

ethmoid and sphenoid

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2
Q

The floor of internal nasal cavity - the palate
(separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity below:

___ palate
* Anterior
* supported by the palatine bones
* processes of the maxillary bones

___ palate
* Posterior
* Muscular, Unsupported

A

Hard, Soft

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3
Q

Three scroll-like mucosa-covered projections
* superior nasal ____
* middle nasal ____
* inferior nasal ____
greatly increase the surface area of the inside of the nose

A

conchae

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4
Q

Nasal cavity is lined with two types of the mucous membrane
* ____ mucosa
* ____ mucosa

A

olfactory, respiratory

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5
Q

(olfactory mucosa
or respiratory mucosa?)
rich in sensory nerve endings
* The sense of smell
* → triggers a sneeze reflex

A

respiratory mucosa

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6
Q

Paranasal Sinuses
* air-filled spaces
* ____, ____, ____, and ____sinus

A

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary

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7
Q

Sinusitis
* painful sinus
* result from ____
* S/S: excessive mucus production, nasal congestion
* caused by ______
* the pressure within the sinuses may no longer be the same as atmospheric
pressure → a sinus headache

A

blocked drainage, an infection or allergic reaction

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8
Q

____ is commonly called throat and is funnel-shaped.

A

Pharynx

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9
Q

Pharynx is divided into three regions:

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
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10
Q

Functions of nasopharynx:

A
  • only an air passageway
  • During swallowing
  • the soft palate and its uvula move superiorly → closing off the nasopharynx
  • prevents food from entering the
    nasal cavity
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11
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids’s located:

A

posterior of nasopharynx

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12
Q

____ inferiorly from the soft palate to the epiglottis

A

Oropharynx

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13
Q

____ is part of the respiratory tract and alimentary tract
(both swallowed food and inhaled air pass through it)

A

Oropharynx

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14
Q

The paired ____ lie in the lateral walls of mucosa, posterior to the oral
cavity

A

palatine tonsils

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15
Q

_____:
* a passageway for food and air
* posterior to the larynx
* extends to the cricoid cartilage
* continuous with the esophagus posteriorly

A

Laryngopharynx

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16
Q

____ also called voice box

A

Larynx

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17
Q

Larynx located in the level of ___ cervical vertebra
* superiorly attaches to the hyoid bone
* Inferiorly continuous with the trachea

A

3rd-6th

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18
Q

T/F
Functions of larynx:
-provide a patent airway
-epiglottis ensures that only air enters
-voice production - vocal cords

A

T

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19
Q

T/F
Larynx composed of several irregular cartilages joined together by ligaments and
membranes
(all are hyaline cartilages, except for the epiglottis)

A

T

20
Q

The 3 largest cartilages of larynx:

A

Thyroid cartilage, epiglottic cartilage, and cricoid cartilage

21
Q

____ seen externally as the Adam’s apple (laryngeal prominence)

A

Thyroid cartilage

22
Q

Epithelium of larynx:
* Superior portion (____ epithelium)
* Below the vocal folds
___ epithelium filters dust: cilia continually move mucus away from the lungs

A

stratified, ciliated

23
Q

____:
* lies below thyroid cartilage
* ring-shaped with broad portion at the back
* Lined with ciliated epithelium

A

Cricoid cartilage

24
Q

_____
* “above the glottis”
* flexible, elastic, spoon
-shaped
* attached to the inside of the front wall of the thyroid cartilage immediately below the thyroid notch

A

Epiglottic cartilage

25
Q

Vocal Cords
* _____ has a free upper border, which makes two pairs of parallel horizontal ___ running from front to back
* elastic fibers, covering of mucous membrane
* Appear pearly ___ because they lack blood vessels

A

Cricothyroid membrane, vocal folds,
white

26
Q

___ vocal cords
* the upper folds muscle fibers
* do not produce sounds * help to close the glottis when we swallow

___ vocal cords
* The lower folds muscle fibers
* Strong but elastic connective tissue

____
* formed by the true vocal cords and the opening between them

A

False, True, Glottis

27
Q

Voice production by the glottis forming a triangular slit “ a narrow gap” in normal breathing, and vibration of __ vocal cords when air forced through the gap during ____

A

true, expiration

28
Q

____ of a sound
* Contracting or relaxing of intrinsic muscles of larynx→ alter the tension on the vocal cords
* ⇧ tension → ⇧ pitch (higher noted)
* ⇩ tension → ⇩ pitch (lower noted)

A

Pitch (musical tone)

29
Q

____ of a sound
* the force of air passing through the vocal folds during expiration
* Stronger blasts of air → louder sound
* Weaker movements of air → softer sound

A

Intensity (loudness)

29
Q

During puberty
* a boy’s larynx enlarges
* vocal folds become ____
* vibrate more slowly
* voice becomes deeper

A

longer and thicker

30
Q

______:
* Inflammation of the vocal folds, or, causes the vocal folds to swell
* → interfering with their vibration
* → changes the vocal tone, → hoarseness, or in severe cases → only a whisper

A

Laryngitis

31
Q

Trachea’s base at the __th thoracic vertebra

A

5

32
Q

___: end of the trachea

A

Carina

33
Q

Trachea wall made of ____ and ____

A

involuntary muscle, fibrous tissue

34
Q

___: a procedure used to “pop out” or expel an obstructing food

A

Heimlich maneuver

35
Q

____:
suffocated after choking on a piece of food that closed off their trachea

A

Tracheal obstruction

36
Q

Cardiac notch: ___________

A

a concavity molded to and accommodates the heart

37
Q

Lungs’ ___ is on the mediastinal surface of
each lung
* through it, pulmonary and systemic blood vessels, bronchi,
lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and leave the lungs

A

hilum

38
Q

___: inflammation of the
bronchi

A

Bronchitis

39
Q

The finest bronchi is called ____, ___ cartilage but composed of muscular, fibrous
and elastic tissue lined with cuboid epithelium

A

bronchiole, no

40
Q

___:
* an infection that inflames your lungs’ air sacs (alveoli)
* the respiratory membranes thick with edema
* alveoli contain fluid and blood cells

A

Pneumonia

41
Q

____:
* A lung disease that results from damage to the walls of the alveoli in your lungs
* alveolar membranes break down
* neighboring alveoli join to form larger, fewer alveoli with a less total surface area

A

Emphysema

42
Q

_____:
inflammation of the pleurae
* results from pneumonia
* Inflamed pleurae become rough
→ friction and
stabbing pain with each
breath

A

Pleurisy

43
Q

Boyle’s law:

A

P1 V1 = P2 V2

44
Q

Atmospheric pressure
(At sea level, =___mmHg = 1 atm

A

760

NN Human Biology (11 decks)

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