chap 9 key terms

Question 1

avoidance behaviour

Answer 1

Avoidance Behaviour- any behaviour that attempts to prevent exposure to a fear-provoking object, activity or situation.

Question 2

behavioural models

Answer 2

Behavioural Models- Model proposing that phobic anxiety could be the result of learning.

Question 3

benzodiazepine

Answer 3

Benzodiazepine- Any one of a group of medications used in the short-term treatment of anxiety (also anxiolytics); as GABA agonists, they enhance the GABA-induced inhibition of overexcited neurotransmitters, calming nervous activity.

Question 4

beta blocker

Answer 4

Beta Blocker- Medication used to treat high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, abnormal heart rhythms and anxiety by reducing heart rate and blood pressure through inhibiting the binding of adrenaline (epinephrine) to neuroreceptors.

Question 5

biopsychosocial model

Answer 5

Biopsychosocial Model- An approach that proposes that health and illness outcomes are determined by the interaction and contribution of biological, psychological and social factors.

Question 6

breathing retraining

Answer 6

Breathing Retraining- The process of identifying incorrect breathing habits and replacing them with correct ones.

Question 7

catastrophic thinking

Answer 7

Catastrophic thinking- Occurs when a person repeatedly overestimates the potential dangers and assumes the worst of an object or event.

Question 8

cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 8

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)- An evidence-based psychological treatment approach that teaches clients to apply cognitive behavioural strategies to recognise and change negative and unproductive patterns of thinking and behaving; intended as a brief treatment program that can be effective within weeks to treat conditions such as anxiety, depression and other mental health problems.

Question 9

cognitive bias

Answer 9

Cognitive Bias- An automatic tendency or preference for processing or interpreting information in a particular way, producing systematic errors in thinking when making judgements or decisions.

Question 10

cognitive model

Answer 10

Cognitive Model- A psychological approach based on understanding how peoples thought patterns, memories and beliefs affect their emotions, attitudes and behaviours.

Question 11

evidence based interventions

Answer 11

Evidence-based Interventions- Psychological treatment whose effectiveness has been supported by the integration of clinical research findings and clinical expertise.

Question 12

fear hierarchy

Answer 12

Fear Hierarchy- An assortment of stimuli related to a phobia, ordered fro least fearful to most, used in desensitisation therapy to overcome the phobia.

Question 13

maladaptive behaviour

Answer 13

Maladaptive Behaviour- Behaviour that is potentially harmful and prevents a person from meeting and adapting to the demands of everyday living.

Question 14

memory bias

Answer 14

Memory Bias- A tendency to remember information of one kind at the expense of another kind; including the bias towards remembering negative and threat-related experiences associated with specific phobia.

Question 15

modelling

Answer 15

Modelling- The social and cognitive processes of learning by observing another person’s behaviour and the consequences of the behaviour.

Question 16

psychoeducation

Answer 16

Psychoeducation- A psychosocial approach in which a person experiencing a mental health problem or disorder and their family are provided with information to help them understand the condition and how they can contribute to managing it.

Question 17

psychotherapy

Answer 17

Psychotherapy- Any psychological technique used for treating mental health disorders, with the goal of producing positive changes in thinking, emotions, personality, behaviour or adjustment.

Question 18

reciprocal inhibition

Answer 18

Reciprocal Inhibition- The concept that one emotional state is used to block another, as is the case in systematic desensitisation.

Question 19

stigma

Answer 19

Stigma- A negative social attitude about a characteristic of a person or social group that implies some form of deficiency, often leading to unfair discrimination against or exclusion of the person or social group.

Question 20

systematic desensitisation

Answer 20

Systematic Desensitisation- A type of behaviour therapy that uses counterconditioning to reduce the anxiety a person experiences when in the presence of, or thinking about, a feared stimulus; involves first learning specific muscle relaxation techniques and then practising these while being exposed to experiences with the feared stimulus that systematically increase.