Test # 5 Neonatal pharm

Question 1

What drug increases renal function

Answer 1

Betamethasone

Question 2

What drug decreases renal function

Answer 2

Aminoglycosides

Question 3

What drug dose and the interval times decreases as the infant gets older

Answer 3

Gentamicin

Question 4

What are usually the first antibiotics started when you suspect sepsis?

Answer 4

Amp and Gent

Question 5

What drug is used to treat GBS, listeria, and some gram neg organisms? Usually IV (best bioavailability) Q12 hrs

Answer 5

Ampicillin

Question 6

What drug is used to treat gram neg organisms. Renal excretion - watch nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity

Must check level (usually before 2nd dose)

Answer 6

Gentamicin

Question 7

What drug is given when an infant has been on amp and gent already and a nosocomial infection has been suspected?

Answer 7

Vancomycin

Question 8

What drug is used to treat gram positive organisms including staph epidermidis, and MRSA

check levels!! nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity

Causes Red man syndrome is given too fast!

Answer 8

Vancomycin

Question 9

What drug is used to treat broad spectrum gram negative organisms. Pseudomonas coverage!

Must have cultures pending so you can go to a more specific antibx

Answer 9

Cefotaxime

Question 10

What type of antibiotics do we use broad spectrum first when we have sicker infant; then we try to narrow down a specific drug to kill the bacteria that is growing

Answer 10

Empiric

Question 11

Infant’s cultures come back after starting vancomycin and the infant is growing Candida. What drug should we start and why is the did this happen?

Answer 11

We made the fungi start growing bc of the strong antibiotics

Amphotericin B
most proven therapy; nephrotoxicity
Fluconazole
few SE, prophylaxis in H risk neonates (IV)

Question 12

26 week in RDS, requiring vent support. CXR= lungs not full inflated…
What drug should be given?

Answer 12

Surfactant - from pig, calf, and cow lungs

it allows us to provide the infant with lower pressures when they still can get higher tidal volunms

Question 13

What drug is usually started when an infant has a murmur/PDA

PDA - carries the blood away from the lungs in utero

Answer 13

Indomethacin

Question 14

Indomethacin is what kind of inhibitor? it has been known to cause oliguria, platelet probs, and NEC!!!

May prevent IVH

Answer 14

Prostaglandin inhibitor

Question 15

What 3 drugs is usually used to treat apnea of prematurity.

Answer 15

Caffeine, Methylxanthine, and Theophylline

Question 16

If an infant is requiring lots of O2 support and is turing into BPD, what 3 drug therpies should be used?

Answer 16

Diuretics, Steroids, and B agonist

Question 17

What is one type of lasix that is most commonly used in the NI. must watch for Hyponatremia, and hypokalemia
And Hypercalcemia - steals Ca from bones and makes renal stones

Answer 17

Furosemide

Question 18

A less potent lasix for BPD. Less SE. Watch for hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, and Hypercalcemia

Answer 18

Thiazide

Question 19

Another less potent lasix for BPD.

A Potassium sparing one (watch for hyperKalemia)

Answer 19

Spironolactone

Question 20

What is the most common corticoid steroid used for BPD. must watch for chemstrips and BP. use lowest dose possible to decrease SE and lessen neurological probs.

Answer 20

Dexamethasone

Question 21

What is one drug that is inhaled (usually) fro BPD. It decrease brochospasms but causes tachy and irritability

Answer 21

B agonist - Albuterol

Question 22

What drug is used for MAS, a pulmonary vasodilator. put inline with vent tubing. Very, very short half-life so usually can’t cause systemic vasodilation

Must check methemo - “blue baby”

Answer 22

iNO

Don’t use in hypoplastic L heart syndrome

Question 23

When a baby is born with transpoisiton of the great vessels (blood just keeps circulating in a loop with some mixing through the PDA) what drug is started to keep the PDA open for survival until heart surgery?

Answer 23

Prostan - Prostaglandin E!!

promotes dilation of the ductus arteriosus. a continuous infusion.

SE: fever, and apnea