Test # 5 General Anesthesia

Question 1

What is general anesthesia not used for

Answer 1

Therapy or diagnostic tools

Question 2

How can we treat symptoms of Nausea and vomiting when we give GA?

Answer 2

give a 5-ht or histamine antagonist to prevent N/V

Question 3

What stages of GA should we not spend too much time in or no time at all.
What stages should we good straight to?

Answer 3

Stage 2 and Stage 4

Stage 1 and 3

Question 4

Ketamine is an example of what kind of GA. How does it work as a GA?

Answer 4

It inhibits the NMDA receptor that is responsible for the excitatory neurotransmission.

Question 5

Barbs, Benzos, Etomidate, and Propofol are examples of what kind of GA. How do they work?

Answer 5

They increase the effects of GABA which inhibits the excitatory mechanism on NT

Question 6

What are three benzo that are the most popular for induction for GA. they may cause anterograde amnesia - :(

Answer 6

Midazolam, lorazepam, Diazepam

Question 7

Benzo are the safest because they have an antagonist. What drug reverses the effect of Benzos?

Answer 7

Flumazenil

Question 8

What is the most common barb used in GA? It does NOT increase ICP (good for head trauma) and will decrease BP so don’t give to HYPOtensive patients!

Answer 8

Thiopental

Question 9

What GA also increase GABA, good for heart pt., must use lidocaine, and also good for HYPOtensive patients.
SE: Causes N/V fo give 5-ht antagonist

Answer 9

Etomidate

Question 10

What is the most commonly used GA? don’t use in hypotensive pts, does not cause N/V and can cause pain (use lidocaine)

Answer 10

Propofol

Question 11

What is the only GA that is an NMDA receptor antagonist? can have dissociative anesthesia, don’t give to pt with HTN (will increase BP) and no lidocaine is needed!!
Used in kids and asthma pt for short surgeries

Answer 11

Ketamine

Question 12

What inhaled GA that is used to maintain anesthesia and is an NMDA receptor antagonist (like ketamine) Has a very high MAC (low potency) and always used in combo.

** Does not trigger malignant hyperthermia**

Answer 12

Nitrous Oxide (non-halogenated)

Question 13

What are three volatile inhaled GA (halogenated) that can decrease RR and tidal vol.
can trigger malignant hyperthermia but is treated with Dantrolene!!

Elimination is through ventilation!

Answer 13

Desflurane
Sevoflurane
Isoflurane