ET: Stallions

Question 1

When are BSEs done on a stallion

Answer 1

Pre-purchase exam
Prior to campaigning (fall or winter)
Prior to purchasing insurance

Question 2

Why to do a BSE?

Answer 2

Conception rate less for stallion than previous seasons
Mare bred = vulvar discharge post-breeding
Planning to ship or freeze semen

Question 3

Pregnancy wastage

Answer 3

Loss that occurs from conception to pregnancy to foaling to weaning
minimize loss between conception and foaling

Question 4

Number of mares that can be bred per ejaculate

Answer 4

<1 to 25+

Question 5

Stallion of average fertility

Answer 5

Capable of breeding 6-10 mares

Question 6

Semen evaluation

Answer 6

Minimum 2 collections, 1 hour apart
Motility, volume, concentration, morphology

Question 7

NucleoCounter

Answer 7

Mammalian cell counter
Detect signals from fluorescent dye, propidium iodide that binds to DNA
Can count cells that have been extended

Question 8

Extender solutions

Answer 8

Compatible with spermatozoa
Use to protect viability with buffers, nutrients, protects against cold shock, ↑ total vol of ejaculate

Question 9

Commercial containers

Answer 9

Used to extend longevity and protect sample quality

Question 10

How much semen can you ship?

Answer 10

Highly concentrated to diluted: 25 to 50 mill per mL

Question 11

Measurement of testes

Answer 11

Calipers
Stabilize tests and scrotum and measure by ultrasound: craniocaudal, dorsoventral, mediallateral

Question 12

Spermatozoa production is related to ____________

Answer 12

Grams of testicular tissue (size and tone does matter)

Question 13

Penis and urethra

Answer 13

Erectile tissue
6-10 pulsations palpable with a complete ejaculate
Sperm- rich= within first 3 pulses
End of penis bells (flowers) is within first 3 pulses

Question 14

Urethra is palpable on the _________ surface

Answer 14

Ventral

Question 15

Methods of collection

Answer 15

Intact mares in estrus
Jump mare
Phantom/ dummy mount
Hot compresses or Av for a 4 on the floor/ ground collection

Question 16

T/F: Anything contacting semen/ spermatozoa must be pre-warmed to prevent cold-shock

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

Condom (semen collection)

Answer 17

Advantage: less expensive and less chance of injury to handler
Disadvantage: semen more contaminated, break, need made in estrus

Question 18

Artificial vagina

Answer 18

Requires water temp, pressure, lubrication that stallion will accept
Missouri model

Question 19

Semen collection with an AV

Answer 19

In line-filter: cotton and nylon
Sterile disposable bags
Single use plastic liners either bag or bottle attached

Question 20

Prepuce

Answer 20

Inner and outer layers provide protection for the non-erect penis

Question 21

Penile paralysis (flaccid penis) causes

Answer 21

From phenothiazine-based tranquilizers (also with priapism)
Spinal disease
Trauma
Infectious diseases

Question 22

Priapism

Answer 22

Persistent erection without sexual arousal, failure to detumesce

Question 23

Priapism causes

Answer 23

After admin of phenothiazine tranquilizers
Protracted engorgement of the CCP with blood

Question 24

Phimosis

Answer 24

Inability to exteroize the penis
From congenital/ acquired constriction of the preputial orifice/ preputial ring

Question 25

Paraphimosis

Answer 25

The inability to retract the penis into the prepuce as a result of preputial injury or disease (acute preputial trauma, debility, paralysis, etc)

Question 26

Testicular neoplasia

Answer 26

Cryptorchid tests have and increased incidence of neoplasia
Seminoma > teratoma > adenoma > serotonin cell tumor