Major American Planning Movements (Day 1)

Question 1

Which movement believed that creating beautiful cities would inspire residents to lead virtuous lives?

Answer 1

City Beautiful Movement

Question 2

Who was a prominent figure in the City Beautiful movement?

Answer 2

Daniel Burnham

Question 3

Which years were the most prominent during the City Beautiful movement?

Answer 3

Late 1800s and early 1900s

Question 4

What was the first model civic center, created by Daniel Burnham in Chicago for the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893.

Answer 4

White City

Question 5

What was the name of the plan that was another example of City Beautiful for Washington D.C., which sought to resurrect L’Enfant’s 1791 Plan for Washington and restore the city to civic greatness.

Answer 5

McMillian Plan of 1901

Question 6

Downtown civic centers is related to which movement?

Answer 6

City Beautiful

Question 7

A _____________ is self-contained, with a population of 32,000 people and a land area of 6,000 acres. It can house 30,000 people on 1,000 acres, with remaining land and population in farming areas.

Answer 7

Garden City

Question 8

Who is a prominent figure of the Garden City movement?

Answer 8

Ebenezer Howard.

Question 9

_________________ was authored by Ebenezer Howard in 1898 and later reissued in 1902 as Garden Cities of To-morrow. It explained the principles behind a Garden City.

Answer 9

To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform

Question 10

In a Garden City, land ownership is held by whom?

Answer 10

A corporation

Question 11

Where was the first garden city?

Answer 11

Letchworth, UK.

Question 12

Where was the first garden city in the U.S. but failed and became a planned community?

Answer 12

Sunnyside Gardens, NY.

Question 13

Who devised a plan for 1,202 housing units in Sunnyside Gardens, NY, which was originally meant to be a garden city but ended up being a planned community.

Answer 13

Clarence Stein

Question 14

Where was the first successful garden city in the U.S.?

Answer 14

Radburn, NJ

Question 15

Who were the designers of Radburn, NJ?

Answer 15

Clarence Stein and Henry Wright.

Question 16

______________ was a reaction against the City Beautiful movement, which was seen as overly focused on beauty and not sufficiently concerned with the matters of function and efficiency.

Answer 16

The City Efficient (City Scientific Movement)

Question 17

When was the City Beautiful movement openly denounced?

Answer 17

1901 at the first planning conference

Question 18

_______________ movement arose in the 1930s following the Great Depression, with a primary concern on housing and jobs.

Answer 18

City Humane

Question 19

In 1935, President Roosevelt established _________________?

Answer 19

The Resettlement Administration

Question 20

What was the Resettlement Administration responsible for?

Answer 20

Greenbelt Town Programs

Question 21

What were the three cities that were developed in the Greenbelt Town Program?

Answer 21

Greendale, WI; Greenhills, OH; Greenbelt, MD

Question 22

Following WWII, Great Britain passed the _______________ in 1946, which led to the development of more than a dozen new communities based on Ebenezer Howard’s ideas.

Answer 22

New Towns Act

Question 23

What was the primary reason that Garden Cities failed?

Answer 23

Most lacked industry and true city centers and eventually became residential suburbs

Question 24

Where was the first New Town?

Answer 24

Park Forest, IL

Question 25

_____________ movement was developed during the 1940s, coincident with the growth of the military and post-war industrialization. It emphasized administrative efficiency.

Answer 25

City Function Movement.