Diabetes

Question 1

Type 1 vs Type 2

Answer 1

1;Pancreases fails to produce insulin
2; Pancreases fails to produce insulin and there is resitance to insulin (more common)

Question 2

Hypoglycemia

Answer 2

Drop in blood glucose <3.9mmol/L

Question 3

Hyperglycemia S&S

Answer 3

Polydipsia (increased thirst)
Polyphagia (frequent hunger)
Polyuria (increase volume of urine)
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Delayed healing

Question 4

Hypoglycemia S&S- Autonomic

Answer 4

Sweating
Nausea
Tremors
Warmth
Anxiety
Palpitations
Hunger

Question 5

Hypoglycemia S&S Neuroglycopenic

Answer 5

Headache
Blurred vision
Confusion
Weakness
Fatigue
Difficulty speaking
Seizures
Coma

Question 6

Diabetic Complications- Cardiovascular

Answer 6

increased risk of CVD, CAD, MI, PVD, atherosclerotic plaque resulting in less blood to organs

Question 7

Peripheral Neuropathy

Answer 7

Damage to the small vessels supplying the nerves causing sensory and motor neuron disturbances
“Glove or stocking” distributions of sensory loss or abnormal sensation (numbness, tingling, burning)
May cause balance issues
Charcot foot (# in foot without knowing)
High risk of ulcers resulting infection and may lead to amputation

Question 8

Autonomic neuropathy

Answer 8

Impaired fxn of perierhal nerves of the ANS
Blunted HR and BP
High resting HR
Impaired peripheral vasodilation, poor sweating and poor thermal regulation
Increased incidence of orthostatic hypothension
Increased risk of post exercise hypotension

Question 9

Diabetic Retnopathy

Answer 9

Damage to retina because of small vessel damage
Leading to blindness
Avoid sudden increase in BP

Question 10

Diabetic Nephoropathy

Answer 10

Kidney damage and loss of fxn
High protein concentration in urine

Question 11

PT management - education

Answer 11

Foot care
- inspect skin
- check shoes
- skin care

Question 12

PT management- exercise effects

Answer 12

Increase insulin sensitivity
Decrease insulin resistance
Increase insulin uptake
Improve blood glucose control
Decrease risk of diabetic complications

Question 13

diabetic exercise parameters- aerobic

Answer 13

F;3-7 days/ week
I; 50-80% of VO2R
T; 20-60 mins
T; emphasis on large muscle groups

Question 14

diabetic exercise parameters- resistance exercises

Answer 14

F; 2-3 days with 48 hours inbetween
I; 2-3 sets of 8-12 reps @ 60-80% of 1RPM
T; varies
T; tailor exercise program according to co-morbidities and precautions