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Anatomy and Physiology II > LUNG VOLUMES (SPIROMETRY) LAB > Flashcards

LUNG VOLUMES (SPIROMETRY) LAB Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

the respiratory system functions to produce atp and remove carbon dioxide

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2
Q

Respiration includes how many steps?

A

respiration includes three steps

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3
Q

What are the three steps of respiration?

A

the three steps of respiration are pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration

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4
Q

Define pulmonary ventilation/ breathing.

A

pulmonary ventilation is the movement of air between the atmosphere and lungs

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5
Q

When does pulmonary ventilation occur?

A

pulmonary ventilation occurs during inhalation and exhalation

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6
Q

Define external respiration.

A

external respiration is the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries and carbon dioxide from cells into the capillaries

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7
Q

Define internal respiration.

A

internal respiration is the movement of oxygen from capillaries into body cells and carbon dioxide from body cells into capillaries

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8
Q

List a few discussed pulmonary diseases.

A

some examples of pulmonary disease are emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and pneumonia

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9
Q

What are the purposes of pulmonary tests?

A

pulmonary tests are used to determine lung volumes and airflow rates

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9
Q

Describe how pressure influences the movement of air.

A

air moves down a pressure gradient of highest to lowest

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9
Q

List a few influences on pulmonary health.

A

pulmonary health can be influence by environmental factors, lifestyle, and age

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9
Q

What causes lungs to fill/ deflate?

A

lungs fill/ deflate due to changes in air pressure

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9
Q

Define normal atmospheric pressure.

A

normal atmospheric pressure is known as the weight of the air above us

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10
Q

How is air pressure measured?

A

air pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

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11
Q

What is the standard air pressure at sea level?

A

the standard air pressure at sea level is 760 mmHg

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12
Q

Define intrapulmonary pressure.

A

intrapulmonary pressure is the air pressure within the alveoli

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13
Q

Define intrapleural pressure.

A

intrapleural pressure is the air pressure betwenn

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14
Q

Describe the pressure of stationary lungs in reference to atmospheric pressure.

A

when the lungs are stationary the pressure of the lungs (intrapulmonary) is equal to the atmospheric pressure

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15
Q

Describe what happens to the diaphragm during inhalation.

A

during inspiration the diaphragm contracts; moves downward and flattens out

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16
Q

What effect does the diaphragm have on the thoracic cavity during inspiration?

A

the contracting of the diaphragm during inhalation results in the increase of volume in the thoracic cavity

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17
Q

Describe the pressure of the lungs during inhalation.

A

during inhalation and diaphragm contraction, the pressure in the lungs decrease as air moves into them

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18
Q

Relaxation of the diaphragm occurs during which respiratory process?

A

relaxation of the lungs occurs during expiration

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19
Q

Describe what happens to the diaphragm during exhalation.

A

during exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards into its resting position

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20
Q

Describe what happens with intrapulmonary pressure during exhalation.

A

during exhalation, pressure in the lungs increases which forces air into the atmosphere

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21
Q

Describe tidal volume.

A

tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during one normal breath at rest

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22
Q

What is the average value for tidal volume?

A

the average value for tidal volume is 500mL

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23
Q

Describe inspiratory reserve volume.

A

inspiratory reserve volume is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation

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24
Q

What is the average volume for inspiratory reserve volume?

A

the average volume for inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL

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25
Q

Describe expiratory reserve volume.

A

expiratory reserve volume is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation

26
Q

Describe residual volume.

A

residual volume is the amount of air that stays within the lungs after a maximal exhalation

27
Q

What is the average volume for expiratory reserve volume?

A

the average volume for expiratory reserve volume is 1200mL

28
Q

What is the average volume for residual volume?

A

the average volume for residual volume is 1300mL

29
Q

What are the four types of respiratory volumes?

A

the four types of respiratory volumes
- tidal volume
- inspiratory reserve volume
- expiratory reserve volume
- residual volume

30
Q

What are the four types of respiratory capacities?

A

the four types of respiratory capacities
- inspirational capacity
- functional residual capacity
- slow vital capacity
- total lung capacity

31
Q

Describe inspirational capacity.

A

inspirational capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration

32
Q

Describe functional residual capacity.

A

functional residual capacity is the remaining amount of air in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration

33
Q

Describe slow vital capacity.

A

slow vital capacity is the amount of air that can be inhaled and then exhaled with a maximum effort

34
Q

Describe total lung capacity.

A

total lung capacity is the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold

35
Q

What is the average volume for inspiratory capacity?

A

the average volume for inspiratory capacity is 3500mL

36
Q

What is the average volume for functional residual capacity?

A

the average volume for function residual capacity is 2500mL

37
Q

What is the average volume for slow vital capacity?

A

the average volume for slow vital capacity is 4700mL

38
Q

What is the average volume for total lung capacity?

A

the average volume for total lung capacity is 6000mL

39
Q

What is the symbol that represents tidal volume?

A

(TV)

40
Q

What is the symbol that represents inspiratory reserve volume?

A

(IRV)

41
Q

What is the symbol that represents expiratory reserve volume?

A

(ERV)

42
Q

What is the symbol that represents residual volume?

A

(RV)

43
Q

What is the symbol that represents inspiratory capacity?

A

(IC)

44
Q

What is the symbol that represents functional residual capacity?

A

(FRC)

45
Q

What is the symbol that represents slow vital capacity?

A

(SVC) or (VC)

46
Q

What is the symbol that represents total lung capacity?

A

(TLC)

47
Q

What is the equation for finding inspirational capacity?

A

IC = TV + IRV

48
Q

What is the equation for finding functional residual capacity?

A

FRC = RV + ERV

49
Q

What is the equation for finding slow vital capacity?

A

VC = IRV + TV + ERV

50
Q

What is the equation for finding total lung capacity?

A

TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV

51
Q

What variables influence both lung volumes and lung capacities?

A

lung volume and capacity are influenced by age, gender, and height

52
Q

Lung capacities are a combination of what?

A

lung capacities are a combination of lung volumes

53
Q

What is a spirometer?

A

a spirometer is an instrument used to measure lung volumes and capacities

54
Q

Define spirometry.

A

spirometry is a measure of pulmonary function

55
Q

Why is spirometry important?

A

spirometry functions to diagnose and assess restrictive and obstructive lung disorders.

56
Q

Describe restrictive lung disorders.

A

restrictive lung disorders restrict one’s ability to inhale

57
Q

How do restrictive lung disorders appear in spirometry?

A

restrictive lung disorders appear in spirometry as a reduced vital capacity (VC)

58
Q

What do effect do diseases that produce pulmonary fibrosis have on the lungs?

A

any disease that produce pulmonary fibrosis has a restrictive affect on the lungs

59
Q

List a few examples of pulmonary fibrosis induced restrictive diseases.

A

black lung disease and tuberculosis are examples of pulmonary fibrosis induced restrictive diseases

60
Q

Describe obstructive disorders.

A

Obstructive disorders are diseases that interfere with the airflow by narrowing the airway

61
Q

Which is most common, restrictive or obstructive disorders?

A

obstructive disorders are most common

62
Q

What affect do obstructive disorders have on respiratory function?

A

obstructive disorders make it harder to exhale

63
Q

List a few examples of obstructive disorders.

A

asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

64
Q

How can obstructive disorders be measured?

A

obstructive disorders can be measured by measuring forced expiratory capacity (FEV)

65
Q

What percentage of air should a healthy individual be able to expel within 1 second (FEV1)?

A

during a (FEV) test, a healthy individual should be able to expel 75% - 85% of their vital capacity

66
Q

What is the ratio used to indicate whether or not a person has an obstructive disease?

A

the (FEV1/ FVC) ratio is used to indicate whether or not a person has an obstructive disease

67
Q

What is the function of residual volume?

A

residual volume in the alveoli prevent the alveoli from collapsing

Anatomy and Physiology II (24 decks)

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