appendicitis Flashcards

1
Q

define appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

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2
Q

what is the pahthophysiology behind appendicitis?

A
  1. appendix lumen obstructed
  2. Gut flora invade appendix wall , fluid and mucus build up
  3. Wall becomes inflamed + infected
  4. Pressure in appendix increases
  5. increased rupture risk
  6. Leads to oedema , ischaemia , necrosis , inflammation and SBP
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3
Q

What are the causes behind appendicitis?

A

lumen obstruction
1. faecolith- stones made of faeces
2. lymphoid hyperplasia ( of Peyer patches)
3. filarial worms
4. bacteria

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4
Q

what are the complications associated with appendicitis?

A

-SBP
· Peri-appendical abscess

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5
Q

what is the epidemiology for appendicitis?

A

Peak age 10-20 years
· Males
· Most common surgical emergency

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6
Q

what are the symptoms of appendicitis?

A
  1. Umbilical pain
    ↳ can progress to RIF (right iliac fossa)
  2. Rebound tenderness+ abdo guarding
  3. Pyrexia (fever) N + V , diarrhoea /constipation
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7
Q

what are the signs of appendicitis?

A

1 rosving
-> press on RLQ>- causes LLQ pain
2 obturator
↳internal rotation of thigh pain
3 PSOAS
↳> lying on left side , painful toextend right leg

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8
Q

how is appendicitis diagnosed?

A

1 CT (gold standard)
↳ of abdomen + pelvis
2 Pregnancy test
↳ rule out ectopic pregnancy
3 F B C
- High WBC, High CRP, High ESR

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9
Q

how is appendicitis treated?

A

Antibiotics and then
appendectomy
↳ must drain abscesses first

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