Why We Do What We Do Ch. 8

Question 1

motivational behaviour of college students

Answer 1

Many college students don’t express their true beliefs and instead rely on introjects to determine how they should behave

Question 2

the intrinsic self

Answer 2

a set of potentials, interests, and capabilities that interact with the world, each affecting the other

Question 3

how does the development of self relate to the social world?

Answer 3

The development of the self is influenced by the social world, but not constructed by it

Question 4

development of the true self

Answer 4

• The true self begins with the intrinsic self but is then elaborated and refined
• The development of the true self requires autonomy support and that people’s intrinsic needs be satisfied

Question 5

impact of controlling contexts

Answer 5

Controlling contexts impair development by stifling integration and promoting introjection

Question 6

are introjects motivating?

Answer 6

Yes, introjection is very motivating

Question 7

negative side effects of introjection

Answer 7

• Anxiety
• Inner conflict
• The emergence of a false self

Question 8

impact of contingent love as a means of control

Answer 8

it promotes introjection and teaches people to esteem themselves contingently

Question 9

ego involvement

Answer 9

the process of people’s feelings of worth being dependent upon specified outcomes

Question 10

impact of ego involvement on motivation

Answer 10

Ego involvement undermines intrinsic motivation and leads subjects to more pressure, tension, and anxiety about performance. It also diminishes learning and creativity because it interferes with effective information processing

Question 11

how does ego involvement develop?

Answer 11

when people are contingently esteemed by others

Question 12

how should we use ego involvement to become more successful?

Answer 12

• We must give up ego involvement if we want to be more autonomous
• Allow yourself to fail and you will be more likely to succeed

Question 13

sensory awareness (Selver)

Answer 13

the practice of allowing one’s inner functioning to come into contact with who one is

Question 14

two types of self-esteem

Answer 14

• true self-esteem
• contingent self-esteem

Question 15

true self-esteem

Answer 15

a sound, stable sense of oneself built on a solid foundation of believing in one’s worth as a human being

Question 16

true self-esteem accompanies ___

Answer 16

freedom and responsibility

Question 17

contingent self-esteem

Answer 17

a sense of self that is dependent on whether one achieves particular outcomes

Question 18

praise and self-esteem

Answer 18

Praise runs the risk of bolstering contingent self-esteem

Question 19

Blais and Vallerand motivation in romantic relationships study

Answer 19

adapted the Self-Regulation Questionnaire to assess the extent to which people’s motivation for staying in their romantic relationship was autonomous. They found that the autonomy of each partner was essential for the couple’s relationship happiness; those who were autonomous in relating to their partner expressed the highest level of relationship satisfaction

Question 20

what characterizes mature romantic relationships?

Answer 20

two individuals interacting openly with each other, unencumbered by ego involvement, introjected evaluations, or self-deprecation. Each person is autonomous and supports the other’s autonomy