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WSET D3 > Canada > Flashcards

Canada Flashcards

1
Q

Why is a majority of Canadas land unsuitable for viticulture?

A

High latitude and extremes of temperature

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2
Q

What two things pushed quality production in Canada?

A
  • US/Canada trade deal opened Canadian wine market to American imports and removed subsidies from growers
  • the Vintners Quality Alliance (appellation system) was established in Ontario and BC
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3
Q

Inland areas of Ontario and BC see what climate?

A

Extreme continental with hot summers and freezing winters

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4
Q

What moderating natural factor is needed for successful viticulture in Canada and what is its effect?

A

Lakes- moderate temperatures. Winter- lake effect snow insulates from winter freeze and the lakes reduce the risk of winter freeze all around
Fall- retain and release summer heat to lengthen growing season
Spring- retains and releases winter cold to delay bud break past risk of frost

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5
Q

Canadas vineyards sit at what latitudes?

A

41-51*N

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6
Q

Humidity near lakes increase the need for what mitigation?

A

Sprays for fungus/ canopy mgmt to improve air flow - VSP most common training

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7
Q

Which hybrid makes the majority of ice wine?

A

Vidal

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8
Q

Why does Vidal make the majority of ice wine in Canada?

A

It is cold hardy, can withstand the extreme winters, high acid, slow ripening, and has thick skins to withstand the freeze/thaw cycles of ice wine

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9
Q

Why is ice wine expensive?

A

Yields are low due to concentration of sugars from freezing, dehydration of late harvest, predators, bad weather, and rot. Labor is expensive, hand harvesting at night in freezing temps is not ideal, mechanization available where able.

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10
Q

VQA variety on label %

A

85%

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11
Q

VQA blend on label %

A

95%

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12
Q

In Ontario, where are vineyards planted?

A

Near lakes Erie and Ontario for moderating influence on extreme temperatures

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13
Q

What is the most planted variety in Ontario

A

Vidal

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14
Q

90% of Canadas ice wine comes from what province?

A

Ontario

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15
Q

Ontarios most planted vinifera?

A

Riesling and Chardonnay

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16
Q

Latitude of Ontarios vineyards

A

41- 44 N - same as central Italy and Bordeaux

17
Q

Primary appellations in Ontario

A

Niagara Peninsula
Lake Erie North Shore
Prime Edward County

18
Q

% of grapes in bottle if Ontario appellation named?

A

85% and rest must come from Ontario

19
Q

80% of the vineyards in Ontario are in what appellation?

A

Niagara Peninsula

20
Q

Explain the effect of Lake Ontario and the Niagara escarpment have on vineyards in the winter

A

The lake cools slowly as it is very deep. As it releases its warm air, cool inland air flows down the escarpment creating a cycle that allows for a longer fall growth season, reducing the risk of frost and fungal disease. The escarpment also protects vineyards from SW winds that are cold.

21
Q

Niagara escarpment topography and influence

A

Benches and gentle northern slopes
Altitude and cooling lake breeze = coolest region and high acid
Early ripeners - chard, pn, Riesling, cab franc

22
Q

Why is Niagara on the Lake riper than Niagara Escarpment?

A

Large, flat land on shores of Lake Ontario. Slightly warmer with less diurnal range due to moderation from lake at night, and longer fall growing season due to lake

23
Q

Warmest area of Ontario and its varietals

A

Lake Erie North Shore - Merlot, Cab Franc, Cab Sauv - ripe fruit but not as structured as Niagara Peninsula

24
Q

Prince Edward County main hazard

A

Due to latitude- winter freeze

25
Q

British Columbia latitude

A

48-51* N - shorter growing season but longer days than Ontario
Inland summer diurnal swings create ripeness while retaining acid

26
Q

Top varietals in British Columbia

A

Merlot, PN, PG, Chard, Cab Sauv, Cab Franc

27
Q

Compare Ontario Merlot and BC Merlot

A

BC is more full bodied with higher tannins, alc, and riper fruit

28
Q

% of grapes from mentioned Ontario appellation

A

85%

29
Q

% of grapes from mentioned BC appellation

A

95%

30
Q

Appellation that makes up 85% of BCs plantings

A

Okanagan Valley

31
Q

Key roles Okanagan lake plays in viticulture

A

Temp moderation in extreme continental climate
Irrigation

32
Q

Varietals in N vs S of Okanagan

A

East facing slopes in N- PN, PG, Riesling, chard, gewurz
S- Merlot, cab franc, cab sauv, Syrah

33
Q

The similkameen valley has what influence from mountains

A

Air funnel through valley
Altitude creates diurnal range
Mountains trap heat warming evenings

Lacks lake for moderation

34
Q

Coastal regions in BC with Maritime climate suited only to early ripening varieties

A

Vancouver island, gulf islands, Fraser valley

35
Q

Route to market for Canadian table wine

A

Consumed domestically

WSET D3 (33 decks)

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