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WSET D3 > Rhone Valley > Flashcards

Rhone Valley Flashcards

1
Q

Northern Rhone climate

A

Continental
Cold winters/warm summers
Rainfall in fall and winter
45*N

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2
Q

Southern Rhone climate

A

Mediterranean
Mild winters, very warm, dry summers
Drought increasing

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3
Q

Syrah in N Rhone features and hazards

A

Feature:

Hazard:
Vigorous- needs training to protect from mistral
Susceptible to bunch rot

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4
Q

Grenache in S Rhone hazard and features

A

Feature:
Needs warm climate to ripen
Upright growth - suitable for bush training
Does well do dry, poor soils
Drought resistant
Accumulates sugar quickly for VdN
Hazard:
Late ripening- fall rain
Prone to coulure

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5
Q

Mourvedre in S Rhone features and hazards

A

Feature:
Late budding/ late ripening only thrives in warm to hot environments
Hazard:
Needs hot end of season to ripen
Not drought resistant
Low yields
Prone to reduction in winery

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6
Q

Cinsault in S Rhone hazards and features

A

Feature:
Late budding
High yielding
Good drought resistance
Hazard:
Restricted yields to produce quality
Prone to chlorosis in high lime soil

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7
Q

Viognier in Rhone hazards and features

A

Feature:

Hazard:
Early budding- prone to spring frost
Low and unpredictable yields due to poor flowering and coulure (fruit set)
Must be perfectly ripe for flavor but not too ripe to lose acid

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8
Q

Marsanne in Rhone hazards and features

A

Feature:
Late budding - avoid frost
Hazard:
control yields for quality- poor soils of N Rhone

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9
Q

Roussanne in Rhone hazard and features

A

Features:
Late budding- frost
Good on poor/ well drained soil
Hazards:
Poor wind resistance
Prone to coulure
Grows less successfully than Marsanne

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10
Q

Grenache Blanc in Rhone hazards and features

A

Feature:
Good wind resistance
High yields
Needs warmth
Does well on poor/dry soils
Good drought resistance
Hazard:
Early budding- spring frost
Ripens late - fall rain

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11
Q

Clairette in Rhone hazards and features

A

Feature:
Grows well on poor/dry soils - S Rhone
Grows upright - wind resistant
Hazard:
Vigorous- needs short pruning + excessive bud removal
Ripens late - fall rain
Oxidizes easily in winery

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12
Q

Bourboulenc in Rhone hazards and features

A

Feature:
Loose bunches/thick skin- fungus protection For late ripening
Likes warm/dry locations
Hazard:

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13
Q

High quality red wine production in Rhone

A

-hand harvest- small crate transport for unbroken fruit
-de stemmed chilled cold soaked for color or partial or whole bunches for aromatics
-ferment warmer temps for extraction
-maceration 20-30 days
-maturation 12-24 mos large oak for Grenache and small barrel for Syrah/Mourvedre

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14
Q

Inexpensive red wine production in Rhone

A

-machine harvest - some damaged fruit during this means fast fermentation needed to avoid contamination
-hand pick for carbonic maceration a choice for easy drinking wines
-flash detente or thermovinification used for fruity/low tannin
-ferment at mid temps to retain fruit and lower tannins
-short maceration
-stainless short maceration

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15
Q

What wind runs through the Rhone and what affect does it have on viticulture

A

Mistral - cold
Decreases vine vigor - lowering yields/concentrating wines
Reduces fungus

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16
Q

Furthest north appellation in Northern Rhone

A

Côte Rotie

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17
Q

Côte Rotie

A

-Syrah w/ up to 20% Viognier
-steep, terraced slopes
-E/SE facing for sun exposure and N wind protection
-free draining, poor, stony soils
-hand worked
-erosion
-terrace repair

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18
Q

Côte Rotie wine making

A

If Syrah and Viognier are used co- ferment
Aromatics emphasized- destem/cold soak
Warmer fermentation for full extraction
Softer and more aromatic than Hermitage and Cornas

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19
Q

Coondrieu

A

-Viognier only
-low yields for max intensity
-often S facing vineyards for sun exposure
-steep, poor, stony soils (erosion/wind)
Chte Grillet

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20
Q

Condrieu winemaking

A

-stainless or large wood fermentation
-MLC choice (usually done)
-Lees aging 10-12 mos w/stirring

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21
Q

Saint Joseph

A

Long/large appellation due to extension in 90s to some not great hillsides
-90% red some white
-Syrah, Marsanne, Roussanne

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22
Q

Hermitage

A

Historic
1/3 white
-S facing for sun exposure and N wind protection
-hot dry vineyards
-stony, thin soils
-super concentrated, long lived wines
- erosion/terracing/hand worked
-low yield max rarely achieved

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23
Q

Hermitage winemaking

A

Traditional
-portion of stems included in ripe vintages
-warm fermentation for max extraction
-long oak maturation 12-18mos

White wines are Marsanne with some Roussanne maturation in oak w/lees stirring for creamy, nutty flavors

24
Q

Major co-op in Hermitage

A

Cave de Tain - owns 15% of appellation

25
Q

Crozes Hermitage influences

A

Bullseye around Tain L’Hermitage and the hill of Hermitage
Large appellation
North is continental w/alpine influences from Mistral - long growing season and high diurnal swings = moderate sugar accumulation and high acid
South is more temperate but heavy rains in late fall and through winter

26
Q

Crozes Hermitage

A

In general deeper more fertile soils than Hermitage- lower concentration but max yield is 45 (low)
Machine harvest possible for reducing cost

27
Q

Crozes Hermitage winemaking

A

-Destemming
-generally made for early drinking w/med tannins
-whites from Marsanne and Roussanne

28
Q

Cornas

A

Syrah only
-S/E facing amphitheater
-Mediterranean
-wind protection

29
Q

Cornas winemaking

A

Tannic intensity
Small barrels to soften

30
Q

Saint Peray

A

White only - mostly Marsanne some Roussanne
-cooler climate
-limestone and granite soil - water holding and drainage

31
Q

Saint Peray winemaking

A

Stainless or oak
Lees w/ possible stirring 10-12 mos

32
Q

Collines Rhodaniennes

A

“Hills of Rhone”
Red/white/rose grown outside of AOCs
Higher yield- double most appellations
Grapes other than Syrah/R/M allowed

33
Q

Topography of S Rhone vs N Rhone and viticulture implications

A

S Rhone is flatter
-machine harvest
-little wind protection- low, bush trained vines necessary (suitable for Grenache)

34
Q

Hierarchy of S Rhone appellations

A

Côtes du Rhône
Côtes du Rhône Villages
Côtes du Rhône Villages + named village (22 villages - Seguret)
Cru - CdP or Gigondas or Cairanne

35
Q

AOC regs in S Rhone typically stipulate what regarding varieties

A

-principal vs complimentary and other varietals
-state min proportion of principal

36
Q

Côtes du Rhône

A

Covers all (N and S) Rhone
Second largest appellation in France behind Bordeaux

37
Q

Côtes du Rhône varieties

A

Red - GSM must be 60% (G= 30% min/ SM = 20% min) - Carignan and Cinsault
White - Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Viognier must be 80% - Picpoul

38
Q

Côtes du Rhône villages

A

Similar to CdR more principal varieties 66%

39
Q

Gigondas

A

Vineyards up to 600m
Shaded by Dentelles de Montmirail reducing am temps for longer growing season
G (50% min) + SM
White is Clairette (min 70%)

40
Q

Vacqueyras

A

Up to 440m - diurnal but still ripens in cool vintages
G (50% min) + SM

41
Q

Vinsobres

A

Red only
G (50% min) +SM
S/SE facing slopes- good drainage, sun exposure, protection from mistral

42
Q

Rasteau

A

G (min 50%) + SM
Some VdN
Low south facing slopes in enclave protected from mistral

43
Q

Cairanne

A

G (40% min + SM)
Cooler
Fruity/approachable reds
High quality whites

44
Q

Beaumes de Venise

A

Red
Shaded by Dentelles de Montmiral
G+S (50% min)

45
Q

Chateauneuf du Pape Red

A

G+S+M

46
Q

Chateauneuf du Pape white

A

Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Bourboulenc, Roussanne

47
Q

Chateauneuf du Pape

A

No stipulation of principal varieties
Hand harvest
Single varietal allowed
Poor, fast draining soils reduce yields
Galets radiate heat at night

48
Q

Lirac

A

GSM and Cinsault = 90%min
High sunlight poor soils

49
Q

Tavel

A

Rose only
12 allowed varieties none more than 60%
Deeper colored rose

50
Q

Costieres de Nimes

A

Btw Rhone and Languedoc
SW facing slopes - sun exposure
Mediterranean breezes
GSM min 50%
Moving from co-op to estate

51
Q

Grignan Les Adhemar

A

G+S min 50%
Lighter style

52
Q

Ventoux

A

S/W slope of Mount Ventoux - cooling influence- freshness in wines
Up to 450m
GSM Cinsault and Carignan
1/4 co-op

53
Q

Luberon

A

Borders Provence
Gentle slopes/flat land
GSM

54
Q

Major companies are located where in the Rhone

A

North but operate totally

55
Q

Are co-ops more important in S or N Rhone?

A

South

56
Q

Domestic consumption vs export in Rhone

A

63/37%

WSET D3 (33 decks)

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