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Spain Flashcards

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1
Q

Spain latitude

A

36-43*N

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2
Q

NW Spain climate and influences

A

Maritime climate
Atlantic influence
High rainfall

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3
Q

NE Spain climate and influence

A

More continental than NW
Sheltered by mtn ranges
Some Mediterranean influence

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4
Q

SE Spain climate and influences

A

Mediterranean
Moderate climate
Warms dry summer/ mild winter

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5
Q

Meseta climate and influences

A

Continental
600-900m
Altitude for moderation

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6
Q

Spain has the largest ha under vine but is only the third largest producer, why?

A

Low density bush vine plantings
Favored for low rainfall locations
Old bush vines are low yielders but provide good fruit

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7
Q

What size are Spains vineyard holdings?

A

68% are less than .5 ha
20% are between .5 and 3 ha

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8
Q

Top Spanish varieties

A

Tempranillo
Airen
Garnacha Tinta
Macabeo
Bobal
Garnacha Tintorera
Monastell
Verdejo
Pardina
CS

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9
Q

Tempranillo

A

Med to high yielding
Early ripening- warm climate w/cooling influence

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10
Q

National aging legislation specifies what?

A

Minimum time wine spends in barrel
DOs may be more strict but not less
Specifies 330L oak but DOs can vary

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11
Q

Aging requirements for red nationally
Crianza
Reserva
Gran Reserva

A

Crianza- 24m - 6 in wood
Reserva- 36m - 12 in wood
Gran Reserva- 60m - 18 in wood

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12
Q

Aging requirements for white nationally
Crianza
Reserva
Gran Reserva

A

Crianza - 18m - 6 in wood
Reserva- 24m- 6 in wood
Gran Reserva- 48m - 6 in wood

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13
Q

Arguments against aging legislation

A
  • sets a perceived quality hierarchy
  • does not guarantee quality
  • not appropriate for all styles of wine
    -no age or origin of oak prescribed
    Very little indication of style, quality, or value to consumers
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14
Q

DO and DOCa/DOQ

A

70 PDOs
Majority of vineyards
2 DOCa/Q- Rioja and Priorat (vineyards must have been established 10 years prior to apply)

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15
Q

VP - vino de pago

A

Estates with high reputation
Castilla La Mancha, Navarro, Valencia, Aragon

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16
Q

VT - Vino de La Tierra

A

PGI wines
40
Biggest- Castilla

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17
Q

What % of total export is bulk wine in Spain

A

56%

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18
Q

Rias Baixas DO growing environment

A

Maritime

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19
Q

High rainfall throughout the year in Rias Baixas is mitigated by what soil

A

Free draining sand over granite

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20
Q

What leads to vintage variation in Rias Baixas

A

Fungal disease
Rain just bed harvest

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21
Q

Albariño

A

Thick skinned
Early to mid ripening
High acid
Lemon/grapefruit/peach/floral

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22
Q

Loureira

A

Early ripening
Citrus/pear/floral/herbal

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23
Q

Treixadura

A

Mid ripening
Low acid
Apple/peach

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24
Q

Rias Baixas is made up of

A

5 non contiguous sub zones

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25
Q

Sub zones of Rias Baixas

A

Val do Salnes - coolest/ wettest
O Rosal- follows Minho, blends Portuguese grapes, south facing, warmer
Condado do Tea- inland warmer still -riper lower acid
Ribeira do Ulla
Soutomaior

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26
Q

Popular trellis in Rias Baixas

A

Pergola on granite supports

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27
Q

Ribeiro DO

A

Maritime climate
Treixadura
Oak ferment/mature for expensive wines

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28
Q

Ribeira Sacra DO

A

Continental with maritime influences steep slopes on river Minho
Mencia
Fresh early drinking

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29
Q

Valdeorras DO

A

Continental with plenty of rain
Godello
Citrus/stonefruit/herb/wet stone

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30
Q

Monterrei DO

A

Sheltered from ocean influences by Sierra de Larouca mtn
Continental, hot summers, low rainfall
Bulk
Mencia/Godello

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31
Q

Bierzo DO climate

A

Continental with maritime influence

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32
Q

Main grape of Bierzo

A

Mencia

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33
Q

Mencia

A

Early to mid ripening
Loses acid quickly, gains sugar quickly

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34
Q

Mencia DO early drinking wines come from

A

Low slopes and flat plain
Fertile silty loam soils
High yielding
Carbonic/semi carbonic maceration

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35
Q

Mencia DO quality wines come from

A

500-800m slopes
Altitude for cooling
80% of vineyards old vines
Poor soils

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36
Q

Toro DO

A

Continental climate
Hot summer cold winter
620-750m
Spring frost
Tinta de Toro

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37
Q

Tinta de Toro

A

Form of Tempranillo
Thicker skinned

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38
Q

Rivers del Duero DO

A

Vega Sicilia
Continental with hot summers and cold winters
750-1000m - frost in spring and fall - mitigation necessary
Tempranillo- Tinto Fino

39
Q

Ruedo DO

A

Continental- hot/dry summers cold winters low rainfall
Verdejo
700-800m
Free draining soil limits vigor

40
Q

Verdejo

A

Drought tolerant
Apple/pear/peach/fennel

41
Q

Castilla y Leon VT

A

Allows for producers outside DO boundaries to produce a wine with geographical indication and those in DO to produce styles outside of what is permitted in DO

42
Q

Rioja DOCa

A

Continental with Mediterranean influences in East
Sierra Cantabria to N - Atlantic
Sierra de la Demanda - warm air off meseta

43
Q

Rioja Alta

A

Continental w/maritime influences
Low altitudes- relatively warm

44
Q

Rioja Alavesa

A

Cool/wet
Clay soils

45
Q

Rioja Oriental

A

North- Low altitudes
Warmest/driest
South- 500-1000m
Can be as cool as alavesa or Alta

46
Q

Garnacha does best in what part of Rioja and why

A

Oriental
Suited to hot/dry conditions

47
Q

Tempranillo does best in what parts of Rioja and why?

A

Alavesa and Alta
Early ripening even in cool years, high altitude sites, clay soils

48
Q

Graciano

A

Late ripening
Drought resistant
Low yielding
Susceptible to fungus

49
Q

Mazuelo

A

Carignan
Adds in acid to blend

50
Q

Maturana Tinta

A

Trousseau
Deep purple color
High acid
Cranberry/blackberry to blend

51
Q

Viura

A

Macabeo
Late budding/late ripening
Susceptible to botrytis
Relatively neutral

52
Q

Tempranillo blanco

A

Mutation of red Tempranillo
High acid
Lemon/grapefruit/pineapple

53
Q

Vinos de autor

A

Premium wines launched without labeling age category in Rioja to focus on integrity of fruit rather than maturation for quality

54
Q

Vino de Zona in Rioja

A

All grapes from either Alta, Alavesa, Oriental

55
Q

Vino de Municipio in Rioja

A

All from village or group of villages named
Must be vinified, aged, and bottled in municipality

56
Q

Viñedo Singular in Rioja

A

Particular vineyards or estates
Producer must have owned for min 10 yrs
Vineyard must be 35y old
Hand harvested
Sustainable agriculture
Pruning restrictions
Authorized by tasting panel
Vinified, aged, bottled at same winery

57
Q

Rioja aging classifications red

A

Crianza - 24m - 12 in oak
Reserva- 36m - 12 in oak - 6 in bottle
Gran Reserva 60m - 24 in oak - 24 in bottle

58
Q

Vineyard plots in Rioja are _____ and 75% are less than ____ ha

A

Small
2

59
Q

What % of Rioja growers sell to co-ops?

A

40%

60
Q

Navarro DO

A

Influenced by Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Pyrenees
Cool sub regions- Baja montaña, Valdizarbe, Tierra Estella
Warm sub regions- Ribera Alta, Ribera Baja

61
Q

Grapes of Navarra

A

Tempranillo
Garnacha
Cab
Merlot
Chard

62
Q

Navarra Rose

A

Direct press not permitted
Short maceration

63
Q

Cariñena, Campo de Borja, and Calatayud DO

A

Warm continental
Hot dry summers, low ish rain
High plateaus for moderation up to 900m
Cierzo- cold N wind
Garnacha
Old bush vines

64
Q

Somontano DO

A

Foot of Pyrenees
Warm continental slightly higher rainfall than Cariñena/Campo de Borja/Calatayud
Cool mtn breeze and altitude for moderation
CS/Chard
Some Gewurz

65
Q

Penedes DO

A

Mediterranean climate
Climatic sub zones:
Penedes Maritim- sea to coastal range, low altitude. Warm climate w/o temp extremes. Full bodied Monastrell, PMX, inexpensive still
Penedes Central- pre coastal depression up to 500m. PMX, Merlot, CS, Temp, Chard
Penedes Superior- 500-800m. Diurnal swing - frost hazard. Chard, SB, Riesling, Gew, PN

66
Q

Priorat DOQ

A

Warm continental protected from cold N winds by Serra de Montsant and from Mediterranean by Serra de Llaberia
Hot summers but cool nights for diurnal- frosts
River Siurana carves - gives altitude and aspect

67
Q

Priorat slopes are

A

Steep
Known as costers
Terraced to reduce erosion and allow rainfall to infiltrate soil

68
Q

Llicorella soil

A

Priorat
Slate based
Thin, rocky, mica

69
Q

The bedrock in Priorat

A

Splits in vertical layers so roots can grow deep

70
Q

What limits yields in Priorat?

A

Poor soils
Low water availability
Old bush vines
Low density
Avg yields 5-6 hL permitted up to 39 hL

71
Q

Grapes of Priorat

A

Garnacha
Cariñena

72
Q

Vi de Vila

A

Grapes from Priorats 12 sub zones

73
Q

Vi de Paratge

A

Lieu dit in Priorat
459 classified for terrain, geology, microclimate

74
Q

Vinya Classificada

A

Single vineyard wine in Priorat
Cru

75
Q

Gran Vinya Classificada

A

Single vineyard of exceptional merit in Priorat
Grand Cru

76
Q

Priorats Consejo Regulador specifies the following in order to qualify for classification

A
  • producers must own vineyards or have rented for 7+ years
  • each classification has its own set proportions of G/C, vine age, max yields
  • to be Cru or Grand Cru a vineyard has had to have critical recognition over a 5 yr period
77
Q

Montsant DO

A

Encircles Priorat
More Mediterranean influence- less extreme temps
Slightly more fertile soils than Priorat- higher yields
Easier topography than Priorat
Garnacha/Cariñena

78
Q

Costers del Segre DO

A

7 non contiguous sub zones
Continental climate
Low rainfall
Sandy free draining soils- irrigation

Fresh fruity style

79
Q

Valencia DO

A

Warm Mediterranean
Cooling from altitude or proximity to coast
Low rainfall- irrigation
Two non contiguous areas - Alto Turia and Valentino
Majority co-op
Fruity style

80
Q

Alto Turia sub zone of Valencia

A

700-1100m
Foothills of Iberico mountains
Moscatel Alejandria and Merseguera

81
Q

Valentino sub zone of Valencia

A

200-650m
Warmer than Alto Turia but cooled by sea breeze
Local and international varieties

82
Q

Utiel- Requeña DO

A

Continental- hot summer/cold winter
Avg 750m - cooling but frost hazard
Bobal

83
Q

Bobal

A

Mid to late budding- frost
Drought tolerant
Retains acid
Uneven ripeness in bunches- grippy tannins
Vigorous and high yielding- control for quality
High pigment

84
Q

Alicante DO

A

Mediterranean w/ hot summers cold winters
Dry growing season
Monastrell - 80%
NE of region- humid - Moscatel dry/sweet

85
Q

Fondillon

A

Alicante DO
Med sweet from late harvest Monastrell
16%
10yr in oak
Solera

86
Q

Jumilla DO

A

Warm continental climate hot summer/cold winter
400-800m for diurnal and cooling
Soil is sand over limestone for water retention
Monastrell
High volumes of inexpensive wine
Small amounts of old vine high quality

87
Q

Yecla DO

A

Warm continental moderated by Mediterranean
Altitude for cooling- 500-900m
Monastrell
Bulk/inexpensive

88
Q

La Mancha DO

A

Largest DO in Spain
Largest PDO in EU
Flat meseta 500-700m
Continental- hot summer/cold winter
Low rainfall- 40% irrigated
Low planting density
Airen- brandy
Tempranillo- Cencibel fruity style

89
Q

Valdepeñas DO

A

Continental climate
Cencibel

90
Q

Dominio Valdepusa

A

Vino de Pago in Castilla La Mancha producing CS, Syrah, PV

91
Q

3 Txakoli DOs

A

Direct Atlantic influence
Moderate maritime climate
High rainfall
Canopy ventilation
Hondarrabi Zuri

92
Q

Sierra de Gredos

A

Mountain range west of Madrid
Old vine Garnacha
600-1200m
Continental- altitude for diurnal and cool

93
Q

Balearic Islands

A

Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera
Manto Negro - high alc/light color/red fruit
Caller- med acid/med alc/red fruit

94
Q

Canary Islands

A

28* N - tropical influence
Hot/humid
Mountainous- altitude for cool
1500m
Listan Negro, Malvasia, Listan Blanco
Valle de Orotava rope viticulture
Basket viticulture in Lanzarote

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