U5 Organization and Structure of Judicial Branch Flashcards

1
Q

What does Article 3 of the Constitution talk about?

A

Judge Terms, Jurisdiction, Treason, and Right to Jury Trial

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2
Q

What do the Judge’s Terms look like?

A

Judges operate independently from other branches and public. They serve for as long as they live so long as they have good behavior.

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3
Q

What do the judges jurisdict?

A

Either original cases that they hearing for the first time, or appellate cases that they are hearing based on appeals from other lower courts.

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4
Q

What is treason?

A

War against home country, aiding enemey.

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5
Q

What is the “Right to Jury Trial”?

A

A rough draft of the sixth amendment allowing citizens to check on accusations by the government.

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6
Q

What is the Judiciary Act of 1789?

A

It established organization of the federal court system which defined a three tier system. District courts at the bottom, circuit/appeal courts in the middle, and Supreme court at the top. It also created the Office of the Attorney General.

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7
Q

What are the District Courts?

A

94 total courts created by Congress with 700 total judges. They hear federal criminal and civil matters. They’re the trial courts so they’ll have original jurisdiction.

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8
Q

What are the U.S. Circuit/Appeal Courts?

A

11 regional courts created by Congress (plus an additional 2 for D.C. and Federal). There are 200 judges who sit in panels and take appeals from district courts.

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9
Q

What is the Supreme Court?

A

Created by Article 3 of the Constitution with the number of seats changing as they are appointed. They hear 80 cases of 8000 which is 1% from Oct. to June. They take appeals from circuit and top state courts. They follow the Writ of Cert and Rule of Four.

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10
Q

What is the Writ of Cert?

A

A petition from Supreme Court to a lower level court to review a case and instruct them to submit the entire record of the case.

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11
Q

What is the Rule of Four?

A

4/9 judges must agree to accept/hear case

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12
Q

When does the Supreme Court get original jurisdiction?

A

Only in unique cases from state issues.

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