U5 Government Responses to Social Movements

Question 1

What was the Equal Pay Act of 1963?

Answer 1

Required employers to pay men & women same wage for same job.

Question 2

What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Answer 2

Banned discrimination based on race, color, gender, religion, or national origin in public accommodations & employment. Changed voter registration rules, hiring, public facilities, etc.

Question 3

What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Answer 3

It limited discriminatory laws & loopholes intended to prevent African Americans from voting. Federal government (Justice Dept.) was given more control over state elections to boost voting equality.

Question 4

What was Title IX of Education Act of 1972?

Answer 4

It guaranteed women the same educational opportunities as men which led to programs receiving federal funding.

Question 5

What are some cases where the government decided to protect Minority Rights?

Answer 5

Brown v. Board
Obergefell v. Hodges
Executive Order 13985
Equal Pay Act
Civil Rights Act

Question 6

What are some cases where the government decided NOT to protect Minority Rights?

Answer 6

Shaw v. Reno
Plessy v. Ferguson
Executive Order 1966
Jim Crow Laws

Question 7

Why does the government sometimes protect minority rights and sometimes restrict them?

Answer 7

It’s based on time period and social norms as well as Ideological makeup/breakdown of Supreme Court, Congress and Presidency.

Question 8

What is Affirmative Action?

Answer 8

Efforts to improve opportunities for underrepresented or disadvantaged groups, especially in relation to employment or education

Question 9

What does Constitutional Affirmative Action look like?

Answer 9

The constitution only forbids racial classifications designed to harm minorities. For example, in Grutter v Bollinger (2003) there is no violation of Equal Protection Clause. It was a race-conscious admissions program to ensure diversity of student body.

Question 10

What does Unconstitutional Affirmative Action look like?

Answer 10

Creating race and gender-based classifications, benefitting certain genders & race groups over others. For example, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) is a violation of Equal Protection Clause. It’s a rigid use of racial quota system at public schools.