Unit 3 Test

Question 1

Federalists

Answer 1

Supported New Constitution. Wanted a strong central government to create more order, structure, and stability.

Question 2

Anti-Federalists

Answer 2

Opposed new constitution in favor of states rights. They wanted a Bill of Rights added and more restrictions placed on Federal Government’s power.

Question 3

Participatory Theory

Answer 3

Emphasizes direct citizen participation/involvement in policy making through individuals taking action and making change.

Question 4

Pluralist Theory

Answer 4

Emphasizes the role of group-based activism in policy-making to prevent any single group from dominating politics.

Question 5

Elite Theory

Answer 5

Emphasizes small group of elites heavily influencing policy-making. Elites would be the most wealthy, educated, and powerful so uninformed people cannot negatively impact politics.

Question 5

Why were the Articles of Confederation weak?

Answer 5

• Lacked unity
• Limited powers given to national government
• Lack of national military
• Lack of executive branch to execute laws
• No way to collect taxes to pay off debt

Question 6

Virginia Plan

Answer 6

2 Houses based on population. Stronger national government. 3 branch system.

Question 7

New Jersey Plan

Answer 7

Equal representation for all states. No national courts or executive branch. Limited and defined powers for national government.

Question 8

Preamble

Answer 8

Introduction to Constitution. Establishes justice, ensures domestic tranquility, provides for common defense, promotes general welfare, secures blessings of Liberty.

Question 9

Constitution

Answer 9

Says the Government’s power is not absolute and it comes from the people. Rights belong to people by nature and can’t be taken by government. Instates Federalism.

Question 10

Separation of Powers

Answer 10

Distribution of power across branches of federal government to avoid tyranny and give multiple access points for influencing public policy.

Question 10

Checks and Balances

Answer 10

Powers of branches to limit other branches from becoming too powerful.

Question 10

Legislative Branch Checks and Balances

Answer 10

Can impeach (house) and trial (senate) President. Can override Presidential veto. Can confirm Presidential nominees, ratify treaties, and withhold funding for Presidential agenda. Can confirm judges (senate), can impeach justices (house) and trial (senate). Can add seats to SCOTUS, propose new amendments and modify impact of Court’s decision.

Question 11

Executive Branch Checks and Balances

Answer 11

Can convene and adjourn congress. Can veto bills from Legislative branch. Can nominate Judges, pardon people, and decide not to carry out SCOTUS decisions like Andrew Jackson.

Question 12

Judicial Branch Checks and Balances

Answer 12

Can overturn laws/executive orders if unconstitutional and declare as such.

Question 13

What powers are held by both state and federal governments?

Answer 13

Taxation, borrow money, maintain roads/thoroughfares, maintain justice system.

Question 14

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 14

Federal and State governments share responsibilities, costs, and administration of policies. Federal gov. makes rules.

Question 15

Categorical Grants

Answer 15

Federal money given to states for specific purpose. PREFERRED BY FEDERAL GOV. Most common source of funding. States must match funds, meet federal guidelines, follow specific instructions for spending, etc. to get money. Also makes states lose some power.

Question 16

Block Grants

Answer 16

Federal money given to states to use for broad purposes. Revenue Sharing had no strings attached which increased national debt. It’s preferred by states because they get to choose how to spend money.

Question 17

Factions

Answer 17

Group of self-interested people who use government to get what they want, trampling the rights of others in process. They are the biggest threat facing a republic, but are inevitable if you want liberty and freedom.

Question 18

Initiatives

Answer 18

When citizens propose policies on ballot and citizens vote on those proposed policies.

Question 19

Referendums

Answer 19

When state/local legislature propose policies and citizens vote on proposed policies.

Question 20

Interest Groups

Answer 20

Organizations that attempt to influence public policy outcomes and can serve as a voice for underrepresented minority groups.

Question 21

Trustee

Answer 21

Someone whose job it is to wield positional authority for the good of the group, and by drawing on their own best judgment. They can defy consensus if they see fit.

Question 22

Delegate

Answer 22

Someone who is more responsive to and carries out wishes of constituents’ public opinion.