RA3 Flashcards
Loads induced by the internal or external change in material properties or member geometry
Deformation loads
Examples of deformation loads
Creep, settlement, shrinkage
Loads created by the response of the structure to a given loading condition
Response loads
Example of response loads
Uplift, thermal forces
Deformation of concrete caused by loads sustained over a period of time
Creep
If the load is sustained over a period of time, a creep strain, roughly _________ times the magnitude of the instantaneous strain
1.5 to 3
Major factor which affects creep
Maturity of the concrete when the loads are applied
Creep can cause changes in the physical length of concrete members
True
Is the natural change in the volume of concrete
Shrinkage
When shrinkage takes place, the concrete volume generally _________
Decreases
Shrinkage is generally due to
Moisture loss
Creep and shrinkage are generally due to
Water cement ratio and humidity of air
The downward movement of a footing, approach pavement, or structure due to deformations of the supporting soil or piles
Settlement
Are caused by fluctuations in temperature