CORRE Q1

Question 1

comprises all the components of a bridge above the supports including deck, girder, truss, etc.

Answer 1

Superstructure

Question 2

directly carries traffic, while other portions of the superstructure bear the loads passing over it and transmit them to the substructures.

Answer 2

The deck

Question 3

Also known as the course is that portion of the deck cross section which resists traffic wear.

Answer 3

WEARING SURFACE

Question 4

Wearing surface is also known as the

Answer 4

Course

Question 5

This is the physical extension of the roadway across the obstruction to be bridged.

Answer 5

Deck

Question 6

Its main function is to distribute loads transversely along the bridge cross section.

Answer 6

Deck

Question 7

This is used to distribute loads longitudinally and are usually designed principally to resist
flexure and shear.

Answer 7

Primary Members

Question 8

possess a larger depth and may have a cover plate welded to the bottom of them to carry heavier loads.

Answer 8

the outside or fascia primary members

Question 9

Rather than have the slab rest directly on the primary member, a small fillet or _______ can be placed between the deck slab and the top flange of the stringer.

Answer 9

haunch

Question 10

Beam type primary members such as this are also called ____________

Answer 10

stringers or girders.

Question 11

This are bracing between primary members designed to resist cross-sectional deformation of the superstructure frame and help distribute part of the vertical load between stringers.

Answer 11

SECONDARY MEMBERS

Question 12

Secondary members, composed of crossed frames at the top or bottom flange of a stringer, are used to resist _____________

Answer 12

lateral deformation

Question 13

consists of all elements required to support the superstructure and overpass roadway.

Answer 13

Substructure

Question 14

is used for supporting the bridge superstructure and transmits all those loads to ground.

Answer 14

Substructure

Question 15

These are earth-retaining structures which support the superstructure and overpass roadway at the beginning and end of a bridge.

Answer 15

Abutments

Question 16

resist the longitudinal forces of the earth underneath the overpass roadway

Answer 16

Abutments

Question 17

are structures which support the superstructure at intermediate points between the end supports (abutments).

Answer 17

PIERS

Question 18

are one of the most visible components of a highway bridge and can make the difference between a visually pleasing structure and an unattractive one.

Answer 18

PIERS

Question 19

These are mechanical systems which transmit the vertical and horizontal loads of the superstructure to the substructure and accommodate movements between the superstructure and the substructure.

Answer 19

BEARING

Question 20

Bearings allowing both rotation and longitudinal translation are called ___________, and those which allow rotation only are called

Answer 20

-expansion bearings
-fixed bearings

Question 21

This is a short column on an abutment or pier under a bearing which directly supports a superstructure primary member.

Answer 21

PEDESTAL

Question 22

The term _______ is also used to refer to the elevation at the top surface of the pedestal.

Answer 22

bridge seat

Question 23

is the primary component of the abutment acting as a retaining structure at each approach.

Answer 23

BACKWALL

Question 24

Sometimes called
the stem

Answer 24

BACKWALL

Question 25

This is a side wall to the abutment backwall designed to assist in confining earth behind the abutment

Answer 25

WINGWALL

Question 26

As bearings transfer the superstructure loads to the substructure, so in turn do the _______________ transfer loads from the substructure to the subsoil or piles.

Answer 26

abutment and pier footings

Question 27

A footing supported by soil without piles is called a _________

Answer 27

spread footing

Question 28

A footing supported by piles is known as a ________

Answer 28

pile cap

Question 29

When the soil under a footing cannot provide adequate support for the substructure (in terms of bearing capacity, overall stability, or settlement), support is obtained using ______, which extend down from the footing to a stronger soil layer or to bedrock.

Answer 29

piles

Question 30

In cofferdams or shallow excavation, the vertical planks which are driven into the ground to act as temporary retaining walls permitting excavation are known as _______-

Answer 30

sheeting

Question 31

is any part of the bridge or bridge site which is not a major structural component yet serves some purpose in the overall functionality of the structure

Answer 31

A bridge accessory/appurtenance

Question 32

The slope that tapers from the abutment to the underpass (embankment) is covered with a material called __________, which should be both aesthetically pleasing and provide for proper drainage and erosion control.

Answer 32

slope protection

Question 33

could be made of dry stone or even block pavement material.

Answer 33

slope protection

Question 34

For water way crossings, _____________- are usually used for foundation scour protection

Answer 34

large stones (rip rap)

Question 35

a drainage system made of perforated pipe or other suitable conduit that transports runoff away from the structure and into appropriate drainage channels.

Answer 35

UNDERDRAIN

Question 36

The section of overpass roadway which leads up to and away from the bridge abutments.

Answer 36

Approach

Question 37

To compensate for potential differential settlement at the approaches, ________________ is sometimes used for a given distance back from the abutment

Answer 37

a reinforced concrete slab or approach slab

Question 38

A ____________ is a protective device “used to shield motorists from obstacles or slope located along either side of roadway”.

Answer 38

traffic barrier (BRIDGE RAILINGS)

Question 39

is the distance between centers of two bearings at supports.

Answer 39

Span length or Clear span

Question 40

The distance between the end of wing walls at either abutments or the deck lane length for bridges without using abutments

Answer 40

Bridge Length

Question 41

The sum of the carriageway width, sidewalk width, shoulder width, and the individual elements required to make up the desired bridge cross section

Answer 41

DECK WIDTH

Question 42

Includes the deck width and the width of the bridge accessories such as parapets.

Answer 42

TOTAL WIDTH

Question 43

Measured from the water surface (or ground, if there is no water) to the undersurface of the bridge.

Answer 43

CLEARANCE OF BRIDGE SPAN

Question 44

The space limit for carriageway and sidewalk to ensure the traffic safety above the bridge.

Answer 44

CLEARANCE ABOVE BRIDGE FLOOR

Question 45

_____________ allow for the safe expansion and contraction of the bridge deck due to changes in temperature.

Answer 45

EXPANSION JOINT

Question 46

BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION

Answer 46

▪ Materials of construction ▪ Span length ▪ Position (for movable bridges) ▪ Span types ▪ Deck location ▪ Usage ▪ Geometric shape ▪ Structural form

Question 47

BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION (Materials of construction)

Answer 47

* Steel * Concrete * Timber * Stone * Aluminum * Advanced composite materials

Question 48

BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION According to Span Length

Answer 48

* CULVERTS - L ≤ 20ft (6m) * SHORT-SPAN - 20ft < L ≤ 125ft (6m to 38m) * MEDIUM-SPAN -125ft < L ≤ 400ft (38m to 125m) * LONG-SPAN - L > 400ft (125m)

Question 49

BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION According to Position-Moveable Bridges

Answer 49

* BASCULE BRIDGES * SWING BRIDGES * LIFT BRIDGES * DRAWBRIDGES. * FOLDING BRIDGES. * RETRACTABLE BRIDGES. * CURLING BRIDGES. * TILT BRIDGES. * JET BRIDGES

Question 50

Main girders can be lifted together with deck about the hinge located at the end of the span. Depending on the bridge width, the ___________ can be designed as either single or double leafed.

Answer 50

Bascule Bridges

Question 51

The girders together with the deck can be swung about the vertical support ring at the pier in the middle (or abutment at the end), to allow the traffic to cross.

Answer 51

Swing Bridges

Question 52

gantries are provided at the piers at either end of the span. Both girder and the floor system are lifted by a hydraulic arrangement to the extent required for free passage of the ship.

Answer 52

Lift Bridges

Question 53

BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION According to Interspan Relation

Answer 53

* SIMPLY SUPPORTED (statically determinate ) * CONTINUOUS (statically indeterminate) * CANTILEVER (main girders are cantilevers)

Question 54

BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION According to Deck Location

Answer 54

* DECK BRIDGES (top) * THROUGH BRIDGES (bottom) * HALF THROUGH BRIDGES (middle)

Question 55

BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION According to Usage

Answer 55

* Highway Bridges * Pedestrian Bridges * Railway Bridges * Aqueduct * Water Bridges * Pipeline Bridges

Question 56

BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION According to Structural Form

Answer 56

-Beam Bridges -Rigid-Frame Bridges -Truss Bridges -Arch Bridges -Suspension Bridges -Cable-stayed Bridges

Question 57

most common type of highway bridge in the Philippines

Answer 57

Beam bridges

Question 58

Decks are suspended by diagonal cables attached to the main towers

Answer 58

Cable Stayed Bridge

Question 59

More economical and less complex to construct than suspension bridges

Answer 59

Cable Stayed Bridge

Question 60

Continuous girder is supported by cables that are draped or suspended by towers

Answer 60

Suspension Bridges

Question 61

Due to the long span, deck girder require stiffening elements to reduce swaying and torsion.

Answer 61

Suspension Bridges.

Question 62

Main cables naturally follow a parabolic shape if the gravity load is uniformly distributed

Answer 62

Suspension Bridges

Question 63

Lacks structural redundancy. A failure at any point of the arch can cause failure of the entire span.

Answer 63

Arch Bridges.

Question 64

Requires the deck to adequately resist torsion due to eccentric traffic loading in the case of a deck supported along its centerline.

Answer 64

Arch Bridges.

Question 65

Aesthetically pleasing, therefore culturally valuable

Answer 65

Arch Bridges.

Question 66

Its main structural element is the upward convex curved arch

Answer 66

Arch Bridges

Question 67

Good design flexibility; allows for wide variety of shapes and configurations

Answer 67

Truss Bridge

Question 68

also referred to as Rahmen Bridges)

Answer 68

Rigid-Frame Bridges

Question 69

consists of superstructure supported on vertical or slanted monolithic legs (columns), in which the superstructure and substructure are rigidly connected to act as a unit and are economical for moderate medium-span lengths.

Answer 69

Rigid-Frame Bridges.

Question 70

Requires more careful foundation design, as significant moments are transmitted to the foundations.

Answer 70

Rigid-Frame Bridges.

Question 71

Relatively the easiest to construct;

Answer 71

Beam Bridges

Question 72

The main force resisting system is composed of girders that may be simply supported, continuous, or cantilevered over supports. Girder ends are not fixed to the supporting piers. Only axial load is transferred.

Answer 72

Beam Bridges